{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:52Z","timestamp":1787031172818,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Results of studies on the associations of maternal helminth infection and malaria-helminth co-infection on birth outcomes have been mixed. A group of 696 pregnant women from the Kwale district in Kenya were recruited and tested for malaria and helminth infection at delivery. Birthweight was documented for 664 infants. A total of 42.7% of the mothers were infected with\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 30.6% with\n                    <jats:italic>Schistosoma haematobium<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 36.2% with filariasis, 31.5% with hookworm, and 5.9% with\n                    <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; co-infection was present in 46.7%. Low birthweight (LBW) (weight &lt; 2,500 grams) was present in 15.4% of the offspring, and 8.3% had a weight z-score \u2264 2 SD below the World Health Organization mean. Only gravida, age, and locale had a significant association with LBW. The high prevalence of maternal infection coupled with a higher than expected percentage of LBW highlight a need for further investigation of the association of maternal co-infection with LBW.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,19]],"date-time":"2012-11-19T23:56:03Z","timestamp":1353369363000},"page":"48-53","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Birthweight in Offspring of Mothers with High Prevalence of Helminth and Malaria Infection in Coastal Kenya"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Fairley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donal","family":"Bisanzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uriel","family":"Kitron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mungai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Muchiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1561","article-title":"Reassessment of the cost of chronic helmintic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis","volume":"365","author":"King","year":"2005"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol","first-page":"671","article-title":"Polyparasitism on the Kenya coast. 1. 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A prospective birth cohort study in Kenya","volume":"6","author":"Malhotra","year":"2009"},{"key":"R19","series-title":"Low Birthweight: Country, Regional and Global Estimates","author":"World Health Organization, UNICEF","year":"2004"},{"key":"R20","series-title":"Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"201","article-title":"ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 95: anemia in pregnancy","volume":"112","author":"ACOG Committee on Practice Guidelines","year":"2008"},{"key":"R21","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"799","article-title":"Hookworm infection","volume":"351","author":"Hotez","year":"2004"},{"key":"R22","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"386","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis and anemia: the relationship and potential mechanisms","volume":"21","author":"Friedman","year":"2005"},{"key":"R23","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"59","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni in pregnancy and associations with anaemia in northwest Tanzania","volume":"100","author":"Ajanga","year":"2006"},{"key":"R24","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"130","article-title":"Malaria and hookworm infections in relation to haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in pregnancy in Masindi district, western Uganda","volume":"102","author":"Ndyomugyenyi","year":"2008"},{"key":"R25","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"899","article-title":"Associations between mild-to-moderate anaemia in pregnancy and helminth, malaria and HIV infection in Entebbe, Uganda","volume":"101","author":"Muhangi","year":"2007"},{"key":"R26","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"531","article-title":"Trichuris and hookworm infections associated with anaemia during pregnancy","volume":"16","author":"Gyorkos","year":"2011"},{"key":"R27","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e442","article-title":"Do antenatal parasite infections devalue childhood vaccination?","volume":"3","author":"Labeaud","year":"2009"},{"key":"R28","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"247","article-title":"Effects of maternal and infant co-infections, and of maternal immunisation, on the infant response to BCG and tetanus immunisation","volume":"29","author":"Elliott","year":"2010"},{"key":"R29","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Maternal schistosomiasis japonica is associated with maternal, placental, and fetal inflammation","volume":"79","author":"Kurtis","year":"2011"},{"key":"R30","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"5231","article-title":"Influence of maternal filariasis on childhood infection and immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti in Kenya","volume":"71","author":"Malhotra","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/1\/article-p48.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/1\/article-p48.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/1\/article-p48.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T14:50:39Z","timestamp":1723042239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/88\/1\/article-p48.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0371","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,9]]}}}