{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T05:47:17Z","timestamp":1766382437548},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The cat flea, <jats:italic>Ctenocephalides felis<\/jats:italic>, is an inefficient vector of the plague bacterium (<jats:italic>Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>) and is the predominant off-host flea species in human habitations in the West Nile region, an established plague focus in northwest Uganda. To determine if <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> might serve as a <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> bridging vector in the West Nile region, we collected on- and off-host fleas from human habitations and used a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based assay to estimate the proportion of off-host <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> that had fed on humans and the proportion that had fed on potentially infectious rodents or shrews. Our findings indicate that cat fleas in human habitations in the West Nile region feed primarily on domesticated species. We conclude that <jats:italic>C. felis<\/jats:italic> is unlikely to serve as a <jats:italic>Y. pestis<\/jats:italic> bridging vector in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.12-0532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,4]],"date-time":"2012-12-04T15:51:11Z","timestamp":1354636271000},"page":"381-389","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Blood Meal Identification in Off-Host Cat Fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from a Plague-Endemic Region of Uganda"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeff N.","family":"Borchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda A.","family":"Atiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph T.","family":"Mpanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Boegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"R1","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"736","article-title":"Plague into the 21st Century","volume":"49","author":"Butler","year":"2009"},{"key":"R2","series-title":"Annu Rev Entomol","first-page":"505","article-title":"Natural history of plague: perspectives from more than a century of research","volume":"50","author":"Gage","year":"2005"},{"key":"R3","series-title":"Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control","first-page":"97","article-title":"Control of plague transmission","author":"Gratz","year":"1999"},{"key":"R4","series-title":"Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species: Proceedings of an International Symposium","first-page":"283","article-title":"Invasive rats and bubonic plague in northwest Uganda","author":"Borchert","year":"2007"},{"key":"R5","series-title":"PLoS ONE","first-page":"e44431","article-title":"Improvement of disease prediction and modeling through the use of meteorological ensembles: human plague in Uganda","volume":"7","author":"Moore","year":"2012"},{"key":"R6","series-title":"Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control","first-page":"11","article-title":"Epidemiology and distribution of plague","author":"Tikhomirov","year":"1999"},{"key":"R7","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"758","article-title":"Reported cases of human plague infections in the United States, 1970\u20131991","volume":"30","author":"Craven","year":"1993"},{"year":"1949","series-title":"Report on Rats, Fleas and Plague in Uganda","author":"Hopkins","key":"R8"},{"key":"bib9","series-title":"East Afr Med J","first-page":"494","article-title":"Observations on the epidemiology of plague in Tanzania during the period 1974\u20131988","volume":"69","author":"Kilonzo","year":"1992"},{"key":"R10","series-title":"Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control","first-page":"63","article-title":"Rodent reservoirs and flea vectors of natural foci of plague","author":"Gratz","year":"1999"},{"key":"R11","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"687","article-title":"Plague and the human flea, Tanzania","volume":"13","author":"Laudisoit","year":"2007"},{"key":"R12","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"323","article-title":"A decade of plague epidemiology and control in the western Usambara Mountains, north-east Tanzania","volume":"50","author":"Kilonzo","year":"1992"},{"key":"R13","series-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot","first-page":"481","article-title":"Presence of Pulex irritans L. 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