{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:02:57Z","timestamp":1781535777798,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Children who live in leprosy-endemic areas are susceptible to infection due to early and frequent exposure to <jats:italic>Mycobacterium leprae<\/jats:italic>. Indonesia is on the verge of eliminating this disease (prevalence rate &lt; 1\/10,000 population), but pediatric leprosy continues to occur in low-endemic areas. This study aimed to evaluate pediatric leprosy over a decade in a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. A retrospective study of leprosy in children under 15 years old between 2010 and 2019 was conducted in the Morbus Hansen Division, Outpatient Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia. Seventy pediatric leprosy cases were identified between 2010 and 2019, consisting of 58 multibacillary (MB)-type cases and 12 paucibacillary (PB)-type cases. Slit skin smear (SSS) was positive in 26 cases. There were two cases of grade-2 disability and 15 cases of leprosy reaction (erythema nodosum leprosum) in children at the time of diagnosis. There was an insignificant decline in the number of pediatric leprosy cases in the last 10 years. Cases and disabilities in children were found in some leprosy pocket areas even though the national elimination rate has been achieved. MB infections, disability, and treatment defaults were common problems in pediatric leprosy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T07:43:48Z","timestamp":1641800628000},"page":"775-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pediatric Leprosy Profile in the Postelimination Era: A Study from Surabaya, Indonesia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Novianti Rizky","family":"Reza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Surabaya, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bagus Hario","family":"Kusumaputro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Surabaya, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medhi Denisa","family":"Alinda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Surabaya, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Yulianto","family":"Listiawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Surabaya, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hok Bing","family":"Thio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cita Rosita Sigit","family":"Prakoeswa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia;"},{"name":"Leprosy Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Surabaya, Indonesia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"1407","article-title":"Leprosy profiles in post-elimination stage: a tertiary-care hospital experience","volume":"54","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leprosy: clinical aspects and diagnostic techniques","volume":"83","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"IOSR J Dent Med Sci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of leprosy patients attending in a tertiary care centre in post leprosy elimination era","volume":"15","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Indian J Lepr","first-page":"197","article-title":"Clinico-epidemiological profile of leprosy in post elimination era: a hospital-based study","volume":"91","year":"2019"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Weekly Epidemiol Record=Relev\u00e9 \u00c9pid\u00e9miologique Hebdomadaire","first-page":"445","article-title":"Global leprosy update, 2017: reducing the disease burden due to leprosy\u2014situation de la l\u00e8pre dans le monde, 2017: reduction de la charge de morbidit\u00e9 due \u00e0 la l\u00e8pre","volume":"93","year":"2018"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lepr Rev","first-page":"259","article-title":"Childhood leprosy in a tertiary-care hospital in Delhi, India: a reappraisal in the post-elimination era","volume":"82","year":"2011"},{"key":"b7","year":"2018"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leprosy among schoolchildren in the Amazon region: a cross-sectional study of active search and possible source of infection by contact tracing","volume":"12","year":"2018"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Indian J Paediatr Dermatol","first-page":"26","article-title":"Childhood leprosy in the post-elimination era: a vision achieved or a concern growing at large","volume":"19","year":"2018"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"An Bras Dermatol","first-page":"196","article-title":"Leprosy among children under 15 years of age: a literature review","volume":"91","year":"2016"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Leprosy and women","volume":"2","year":"2016"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"97","article-title":"BCG vaccination status, age, and gender as risk factors for leprosy in endemic areas in the Brazilian amazon","volume":"12","year":"2020"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz","first-page":"898","article-title":"Widespread nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae among a healthy population in a hyperendemic region of northeastern Brazil","volume":"110","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Pediatr Oncall J","first-page":"83","article-title":"Childhood leprosy revisited","volume":"13","year":"2016"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Lepr Rev","first-page":"296","article-title":"Childhood leprosy through the post-leprosy-elimination era: a retrospective analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of disease over eleven years from a tertiary care hospital in north India","volume":"85","year":"2014"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Indian J Lepr","first-page":"217","article-title":"Trends in profile of leprosy cases reporting to a tertiary care centre in Delhi during 2006\u20132015","volume":"88","year":"2016"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol","first-page":"141","article-title":"Trends and patterns of leprosy over a decade in a tertiary care hospital in northern India: a retrospective analysis","volume":"86","year":"2020"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Lepr Rev","first-page":"298","article-title":"A study of untreated leprosy affected children reporting with grade 2 disability at a referral centre in West Bengal, India","volume":"88","year":"2017"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Indian J Lepr","first-page":"177","article-title":"Slit-skin smear in leprosy: lest we forget it","volume":"85","year":"2013"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009436","article-title":"Mycobacterium leprae transmission characteristics during the declining stages of leprosy incidence: a systematic review","volume":"15","year":"2021"},{"key":"b21","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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