{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:33:53Z","timestamp":1785000833643,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641340800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\nPlasmodium<\/jats:italic> lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) is a common target in malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). These commercial antibody capture assays target either Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\u2013specific pLDH (Pf<\/jats:italic>LDH), P. vivax<\/jats:italic>\u2013specific pLDH (Pv<\/jats:italic>LDH), or a conserved epitope in all human malaria pLDH (PanLDH). However, there are no assays specifically targeting P. ovale, P. malariae<\/jats:italic> or zoonotic parasites such as P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> and P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>. A malaria multiplex array, carrying the specific antibody spots for PfLDH, PvLDH,<\/jats:italic> and PanLDH has been previously developed. This study aimed to assess potential cross-reactivity between pLDH from various Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species and this array. We tested recombinant pLDH proteins, clinical samples for P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale curtisi,<\/jats:italic> and P. malariae;<\/jats:italic> and in\u00a0vitro cultured P. knowlesi<\/jats:italic> and P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>. P. ovale<\/jats:italic>-specific pLDH (Po<\/jats:italic>LDH) and P. malariae<\/jats:italic>-specific pLDH (Pm<\/jats:italic>LDH) cross-reacted with the Pf<\/jats:italic>LDH and PanLDH spots. Plasmodium Knowlesi<\/jats:italic>-specific pLDH (Pk<\/jats:italic>LDH) and P. cynomolgi<\/jats:italic>-specific pLDH (Pc<\/jats:italic>LDH) cross-reacted with the Pv<\/jats:italic>LDH spot, but only Pk<\/jats:italic>LDH was recognized by the PanLDH spot. Plasmodium ovale<\/jats:italic> and P. malariae<\/jats:italic> can be differentiated from P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> by the concentration ratios of PanLDH\/Pf<\/jats:italic>LDH, which had mean (range) values of 4.56 (4.07\u20135.16) and 4.56 (3.43\u20136.54), respectively, whereas P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> had a lower ratio of 1.12 (0.56\u20132.61). Plasmodium knowlesi<\/jats:italic> had a similar PanLDH\/Pv<\/jats:italic>LDH ratio value, with P. vivax<\/jats:italic> having a mean value of 2.24 (1.37\u20132.79). The cross-reactivity pattern of pLDH can be a useful predictor to differentiate certain Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> species. Cross-reactivity of the pLDH bands in RDTs requires further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]],"date-time":"2021-11-15T14:50:44Z","timestamp":1636987844000},"page":"275-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Diagnostic Characteristics of Lactate Dehydrogenase on a Multiplex Assay for Malaria Detection Including the Zoonotic Parasite Plasmodium knowlesi"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Barney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diagnostics, PATH, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diagnostics, PATH, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Rashid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diagnostics, PATH, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis E.","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Department of Infectious Diseases and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo J.","family":"Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diagnostics, PATH, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihn Kyung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Diagnostics, PATH, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/1\/article-p275.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/1\/article-p275.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T12:08:41Z","timestamp":1641384521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/1\/article-p275.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0532","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]]}}}