{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:15:13Z","timestamp":1762460113709},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The opportunistic fungal pathogen <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic>, which is endemic across a narrow band of tropical Southeast Asia and southern China, is an intracellular pathogen that causes systemic and lethal infection through the mononuclear phagocyte system. The mechanisms by which <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> successfully replicates and escapes the immune system remain unclear. To investigate the role of arginine metabolism in the escape of <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> from killer macrophages, we assessed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and arginase expression, nitric oxide (NO) production, arginase and phagocytic activity, and the killing of <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> in a coculture system. Our results indicate that <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> induced macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype and regulated the arginine metabolism pathway by prolonging infection, thereby reducing antimicrobial activity and promoting fungal survival. Moreover, inhibiting <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>\u2013induced macrophage arginase activity with N<jats:sup>\u03c9<\/jats:sup>-hydroxy-nor-arginine restored NO synthesis and strengthened fungal killing. These findings indicate that <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> affects macrophage polarization and inhibits macrophage antimicrobial function via the arginine metabolism pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T12:37:55Z","timestamp":1658752675000},"page":"600-609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Talaromyces marneffei Influences Macrophage Polarization and Sterilization Ability via the Arginine Metabolism Pathway in\u00a0Vitro"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Lin-xia","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People\u2019s Republic of China;"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of 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