{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:51Z","timestamp":1787031171879,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n \n This study aimed to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes for \u03b2-lactamases;\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \n bla\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n in uropathogenic\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) suspected diabetic and nondiabetic patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, in association with the Department of Microbiology, GoldenGate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal, from June to December 2018. A total of 1,267 nonduplicate midstream urine specimens were obtained and processed immediately for isolation of uropathogens. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) confirmation. In addition,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \n bla\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genes were detected using specific primers. The overall prevalence of UTI was 17.2% (218\/1,267), of which patients with diabetes were significantly more infected; 32.3% (31\/96) as compared with nonpatients with diabetes, 15.9% (187\/1,171). A total of 221 bacterial isolates were obtained from 218 culture-positive specimens in which\n E<\/jats:italic>\n .\n coli<\/jats:italic>\n was the most predominant; 67.9% (150\/221). Forty-four percent (66\/150) of the total\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n was multidrug resistant and 37.3% (56\/150) were ESBL producers. Among 56 isolates, 92.3% (12\/13) were from patients with diabetes, and 83.0% (44\/53) were from nondiabetics. Furthermore, 84.9% of the screened ESBL producers were confirmed to possess either single or both of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n \n bla\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:italic>\n genes. The\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n genes were detected in 53.6% and 87.5% of the phenotypically ESBL confirmed\n E. coli,<\/jats:italic>\n respectively. Higher rates of ESBL producing uropathogenic\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n are associated among patients with diabetes causing an alarming situation for disease management. However, second-line drugs with broad antimicrobial properties are still found to be effective drugs for multidrug resistance strains.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T07:30:48Z","timestamp":1629703848000},"page":"1347-1355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Higher Prevalence of Extended Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamase Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Among Patients with Diabetes from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Tulsi","family":"Nayaju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Microbiology, GoldenGate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milan Kumar","family":"Upreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Microbiology, GoldenGate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Ghimire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Department of Microbiology, GoldenGate International College, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basudha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basanta","family":"Maharjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Dhoj","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binod","family":"Lekhak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Upendra","family":"Thapa Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/5\/article-p1347.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/5\/article-p1347.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T10:33:28Z","timestamp":1635935608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/105\/5\/article-p1347.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0691","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]]}}}