{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T13:55:47Z","timestamp":1762005347786},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643760000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We compared the impact of three rounds of annual and five rounds of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole plus ivermectin on helminthic infections in Liberia. Repeated annual cross-sectional community surveys were conducted between 2013 and 2019 in individuals of 5 years and older. Primary outcome was the change of infection prevalence estimates from baseline to month 36 (12 months after the last treatment). After three rounds of annual MDA, <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> circulating filarial antigen (CFA) and microfilaria (Mf) prevalence estimates decreased from 19.7% to 4.3% and from 8.6% to 0%, respectively; after semiannual MDA, CFA and Mf prevalences decreased from 37.8% to 16.8% and 17.9% to 1%, respectively. Mixed effects logistic regression models indicated that the odds of having Mf decreased by 97% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) at month 36 (similar odds for annual and semiannual MDA zones). A parallel analysis showed that the odds of CFA were reduced by 83% and 69% at 36 months in the annual and semiannual treatment zones, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). <jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic> Mf prevalence decreased slightly after multiple MDA rounds in both treatment zones. Reductions in hookworm and <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic> prevalences and intensities were slightly greater in the annual treatment zone. <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> prevalence rates were relatively unchanged, although infection intensities decreased sharply throughout. Results show that annual and semiannual MDA were equally effective for reducing LF and soil-transmitted helminth infection parameters over a 3-year period, and reductions recorded at month 36 were sustained by routine annual MDA through month 72.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,22]],"date-time":"2021-11-22T23:11:40Z","timestamp":1637622700000},"page":"700-709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of Annual versus Semiannual Mass Drug Administration with Ivermectin and Albendazole on Helminth Infections in Southeastern Liberia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Obiora A.","family":"Eneanya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"1Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lincoln","family":"Gankpala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Public Health and Medical Research, National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Charlesville, Republic of Liberia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles W.","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatorma K.","family":"Bolay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2Division of Public Health and Medical Research, National Public Health Institute of Liberia, Charlesville, Republic of Liberia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter U.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/2\/article-p700.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/2\/article-p700.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]],"date-time":"2022-02-02T14:58:21Z","timestamp":1643813901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/106\/2\/article-p700.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0768","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,2]]}}}