{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:39:56Z","timestamp":1765888796582,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Dracunculus medinensis<\/jats:italic>, also known as the African Guinea worm, is the causative agent of dracunculiasis and the focus of the global Guinea Worm Eradication Program (GWEP). Transmission of <jats:italic>D. medinensis<\/jats:italic> to humans occurs primarily by drinking water containing cyclopoid copepods infected with third-stage <jats:italic>D. medinensis<\/jats:italic> larvae. A common intervention to interrupt transmission and decrease the number of copepods in infected water bodies is the application of the organophosphate larvicide Abate<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (temephos). However, the use of alternative compounds to help decrease copepod populations would be beneficial to the GWEP. We compared the immobilization of copepods by three compounds: Abate, Natular<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (spinosad), and diflubenzuron. Our results confirm that neither diflubenzuron nor Natular immobilized copepods as quickly or as effectively as Abate. However, doubling or tripling the suggested concentration of Natular resulted in immobilization rates similar to Abate over 72 hours of continuous exposure. Further research on the possible effects of higher concentrations of Natular on the environment and nontarget organisms is necessary to determine whether this compound can be used safely to control the copepod population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T10:19:06Z","timestamp":1643019546000},"page":"818-822","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Temephos (Abate\u00ae), Spinosad (Natular\u00ae), and Diflubenzuron on the Survival of Cyclopoid Copepods"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Ryan","family":"Grunert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin","family":"Box","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"},{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Yabsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"},{"name":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"683","article-title":"Guinea worm disease: epidemiology, control, and treatment","volume":"57","year":"1979"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"223","article-title":"Dracunculiasis (Guinea Worm disease) and the eradication initiative","volume":"15","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Br Med Bull","first-page":"179","article-title":"Neglected tropical 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