{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T01:52:15Z","timestamp":1787881935957,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>On August 30, 2017, one of five bontebok in a mixed-species exhibit at the Nashville Zoo at Grassmere exhibited acute hind-limb ataxia and altered demeanor. Pathological examination demonstrated meningoencephalitis and spinal myelitis. Coinfection of West Nile virus (WNV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) was revealed by quantitative real-time and traditional reverse transcription\u2013polymerase chain reaction assays and virus isolation\/whole genome sequencing from brain tissue, respectively. Whole genome sequencing was conducted for EHDV. Mosquito testing from September 19 to October 13, 2017, demonstrated a higher WNV infection rate in mosquitoes at the zoo compared with the rest of Nashville-Davidson County. EHDV is endemic in wild white-tailed deer (family Cervidae) in Tennessee, and the prevalence in wildlife depends on environmental influences. This case illustrates the potential susceptibility of exotic zoo animals to endemic domestic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) and reinforces the importance of cooperative antemortem and postmortem surveillance strategies among human, wildlife, and domestic animal health agencies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T13:46:55Z","timestamp":1678110415000},"page":"705-711","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["West Nile Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Co-Infection in a Novel Host at the Nashville Zoo"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Abelardo","family":"Moncayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathen","family":"Bopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service Nashville Zoo at Grassmere, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Woc Colburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoo and Exotic Animal Pathology Service Nashville Zoo at Grassmere, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Widen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Stilwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"McManamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Laboratory and Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tennessee Department of Health, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"67","article-title":"An outbreak of West Nile virus in a New York City captive wildlife population","volume":"67","author":"Ludwig","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e95127","article-title":"Emerging infectious diseases in free-ranging wildlife-Australian zoo based wildlife hospitals contribute to national surveillance","volume":"9","author":"Cox-Witton","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"673","article-title":"Emerging zoonotic epidemics in the interconnected global 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