{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T23:23:52Z","timestamp":1763767432728},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Corynebacterium <\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic> diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> is the agent for a contagious infection, diphtheria. It may manifest as pharyngitis with pseudomembrane formation and cervical lymphadenopathy, cutaneous infection, or as an asymptomatic carrier. <jats:italic>Corynebacterium <\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>C.<\/jats:italic>)<jats:italic> diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> is not an invasive organism and it remains in the superficial layers of skin lesions and respiratory mucosa. Systemic complications, such as bacteremia, are rare. We report a case of toxigenic <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> detected from blood culture of a 1-year-old male patient with burns, who succumbed to the infection after 8 days of stay in the hospital. Patient did not have specific clinical features suggestive of diphtheria. Initial identification of <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> was done based on culture, Albert stain findings, biochemical tests and subsequently toxigenicity testing was done by polymerase chain reaction. Although diphtheria vaccination in infancy is universally recommended since the creation of the Expanded Program on Immunization in the 1970s, there have been reports of toxigenic strains of <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> in a considerable number of cases. Rapid and accurate identification of <jats:italic>C. diphtheriae<\/jats:italic> infection is crucial to prevent mortality. Continued surveillance for diphtheria is needed to reduce transmission and mortality rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-1233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T13:26:28Z","timestamp":1661779588000},"page":"930-933","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Case Report: Bloodstream Infection with Toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Gram-Negative Sepsis in a Child with Burns"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Imola","family":"Jamir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyadarshi","family":"Ketan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Symphonia","family":"Anguraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lulu","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narayanan","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeswari Rethinaswamy","family":"Divakarjose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, JIPMER, Puducherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apurba Sankar","family":"Sastry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"BMJ Case 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