{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:57:16Z","timestamp":1793365036081,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3_Suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Among the <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> surface antigens reported by Richard Carter and his colleagues decades ago, Pfs230 is currently the target of the most advanced candidate for a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine. First identified by its orthologue in the avian malaria parasite <jats:italic>Plasmodium gallinaceum<\/jats:italic>, the large cysteine-rich 14-domain Pfs230 antigen is displayed on the surface of gametes that emerge in the mosquito midgut. Gametes lacking Pfs230 cannot bind to red blood cells nor develop further into oocysts. Human antibodies against Pfs230 lyse gametes in the presence of complement, which largely explains serum transmission-blocking activity in Pfs230 antisera. A protein\u2013protein conjugate vaccine that incorporates the first domain of the Pfs230 antigen induced greater serum transmission-reducing activity versus a similarly manufactured Pfs25 vaccine in U.S. trials, and is currently in phase II field trials in Mali.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-1337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,11]],"date-time":"2022-07-11T12:36:42Z","timestamp":1657543002000},"page":"17-21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Virtues and Vices of Pfs230: From Vaccine Concept to Vaccine Candidate"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Patrick E.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90058-6","article-title":"Cloning and expression of the gene for Plasmodium falciparum transmission-blocking target antigen, Pfs230","volume":"58","year":"1993"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Mol Microbiol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05284.x","article-title":"Malaria transmission-blocking antigen, Pfs230, mediates human red blood cell binding to exflagellating male parasites and oocyst production","volume":"61","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1984.0120","article-title":"Target antigens in malaria transmission blocking immunity","volume":"307","year":"1984"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"4213","article-title":"The 230-kDa gamete surface protein of Plasmodium falciparum is also a target for transmission-blocking antibodies","volume":"139","year":"1987"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Parasite Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1988.tb00215.x","article-title":"Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigens in Papua New Guinea sera","volume":"10","year":"1988"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Parasite Immunol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1994.tb00305.x","article-title":"Transmission-blocking antibodies against multiple, non-variant target epitopes of the Plasmodium falciparum gamete surface antigen Pfs230 are all complement-fixing","volume":"16","year":"1994"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"32","article-title":"Efforts to develop Pfs25 vaccines","volume":"107 (Suppl 3)","author":"Kaslow","year":"2022"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Nature","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/263057a0","article-title":"Malaria transmission blocked by immunisation with gametes of the malaria parasite","volume":"263","year":"1976"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1126\/science.959832","article-title":"Successful immunization against the sexual stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum","volume":"193","year":"1976"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(84)90061-6","article-title":"Characterization of antigens on mosquito midgut stages of Plasmodium gallinaceum: II. 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