{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T06:40:35Z","timestamp":1784011235977,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660694400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Filarial infections caused by <jats:italic>Loa loa<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mansonella perstans<\/jats:italic> are a considerable public health burden in rural regions of Central Africa. Rapid diagnostic tools for the detection of microfilariae in the blood are needed. Field\u2019s stain is a rapid staining technique for microscopic slides originally established for malaria diagnostics. It requires less than 1 minute of staining compared with conventional staining protocols requiring at least 15 to 20 minutes for staining and could thus significantly accelerate diagnostics for human filariasis. Here we evaluated Field\u2019s stain as a rapid staining technique in comparison to Giemsa stain for the detection of microfilariae in peripheral blood. Blood smears were collected from 175 participants residing in the region of Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 and Fougamou, Gabon. Each participant\u2019s samples were stained in parallel with Field\u2019s stain and conventional Giemsa stain. Slides were then microscopically assessed and compared for qualitative and quantitative results by a blinded assessor for the two endemic filarial blood pathogens <jats:italic>M. perstans<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>. Field\u2019s stain shows excellent diagnostic performance characteristics for <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic> microfilariae compared with Giemsa staining. Concordance was favorable for <jats:italic>M. perstans<\/jats:italic> although lower than for <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic>. Field\u2019s stain offers a rapid alternative to Giemsa stain for detection of <jats:italic>L. loa<\/jats:italic> microfilariae in thick blood smears. This could help accelerate diagnostics of blood filarial pathogens in mass screening programs or resource constrained health care institutions with high patient load.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T13:13:09Z","timestamp":1657026789000},"page":"383-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Performance of Field\u2019s Stain Compared with Conventional Giemsa Stain for the Rapid Detection of Blood Microfilariae in Gabon"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Franck-A.","family":"Ekoka Mbassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical\u201a Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Libreville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghyslain","family":"Mombo-Ngoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical\u201a Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfrid Ndzebe","family":"Ndoumba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel K.","family":"Yovo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten A.","family":"Eberhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical\u201a Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Ekoka Mbassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical\u201a Medicine & I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany;"},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems ;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ay\u00f4la A.","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selidji T.","family":"Agnandji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle K.","family":"Bouyou-Akotet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Libreville, Gabon;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ramharter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9, Gabon;"},{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical\u201a Medicine & I. 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