{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:05:17Z","timestamp":1785474317846,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leishmaniasis is considered a neglected tropical disease that is commonly found in Asia, Africa, South America, and Mediterranean countries. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of the disease and is almost universally fatal if left untreated. The symptoms of VL overlap with many infectious diseases, malignancies, and other blood disorders. The most common findings include fever, cytopenias, and splenomegaly. Given the nonspecific symptoms, the diagnosis requires detailed laboratory investigations, including bone marrow examination, that can be challenging in low- and middle-income countries. Diagnostic limitations likely lead to the underdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis of VL. We describe, to our knowledge, the first case report of VL in Cambodia in a child presenting with fever, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis required a liver biopsy and multiple bone marrow biopsies to visualize intracellular <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. Our case illustrates the diagnostic challenges and the importance of timely diagnosis. This case also highlights the need for heightened awareness of the diagnostic findings of VL and improved reporting of tropical diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]],"date-time":"2022-06-13T12:19:24Z","timestamp":1655122764000},"page":"336-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Case Report: The First Case Report of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Cambodia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Sam","family":"Lyvannak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Korb","family":"Sreynich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sing","family":"Heng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miliya","family":"Thyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun","family":"Chandna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngoun","family":"Chanpheaktra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngeth","family":"Pises","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prak","family":"Farrilend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Angkor Hospital for Children, Siem Reap, Cambodia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Jarzembowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Leventaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Davick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Neunert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University, New York City, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie S.","family":"Kean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Camitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Tarlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, Seattle, Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Parasitol Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07139-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: where are we and where are we heading?","volume":"120","author":"Sasidharan","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","year":"2021"},{"key":"b3","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniasis: report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, Geneva, March 22\u201326, 2010","volume":"949","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"534","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Thailand: a review of causative agents and situations","volume":"96","author":"Leelayoova","year":"2017"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap","first-page":"717","article-title":"Three new cases of leishmaniasis: implications for the Singapore medical community","volume":"26","author":"Tan","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Ann Acad Med Singap","first-page":"713","article-title":"A case report of visceral leishmaniasis in Singapore","volume":"26","author":"Abraham","year":"1997"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Health Transl Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.22452\/jummec.vol15no1.3","article-title":"Leishmaniasis in Southeast Asia: The story of the emergence of an imported infection in a non-endemic are of the world","volume":"15","author":"Viroj","year":"2012"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Lancet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31204-2","article-title":"Leishmaniasis","volume":"392","author":"Burza","year":"2018"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"QJM","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct116","article-title":"Leishmaniasis: clinical syndromes and treatment","volume":"107","author":"McGwire","year":"2014"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"A Case Report of Leismaniasis and HIV Coinfection in Hue Central Hospital, in the 8th Asean Conference of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology (ACTMP), 2018","author":"Tien","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Parasite","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2021080","article-title":"Taxonomical insights and ecology of sandfly (Diptera, Psychodidae) species in six provinces of northern Vietnam","volume":"28","author":"Vu","year":"2021"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Pathog Glob Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773215Y.0000000029","article-title":"Late diagnosis: a factor associated with death from visceral leishmaniasis in elderly patients","volume":"109","author":"Driemeier","year":"2015"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0005150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005150","article-title":"Epidemiologic correlates of mortality among symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis cases: findings from situation assessment in high endemic foci in India","volume":"10","author":"Das","year":"2016"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Glob Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.62883","article-title":"Treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"2","author":"Lockwood","year":"2010"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1086\/507530","article-title":"Liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"43","author":"Bern","year":"2006"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/107\/2\/article-p336.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/107\/2\/article-p336.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/107\/2\/article-p336.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]],"date-time":"2022-08-17T13:14:33Z","timestamp":1660742073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/107\/2\/article-p336.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0085","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,17]]}}}