{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T15:48:29Z","timestamp":1780501709149,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]],"date-time":"2022-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The use of positive blood culture bottles for direct disk diffusion susceptibility testing (dDD), together with chromogenic culture limited to groups of pathogens for antimicrobial susceptibility testing interpretation may provide a means for laboratories-in-development to introduce rapid abbreviated blood culture testing. We assessed the performance of dDD on Chromatic MH agar using contrived positive blood culture bottles and compared findings with current standard practice. Furthermore, we characterized the growth of 24 bacterial and 3 yeast species on Chromatic MH agar with the aid of rapid spot tests for same-day identification. The coefficient of variation for reproducibility of dDD of four reference strains in 4 to 10 replicates (238 data points) ranged from 0% to 16.3%. Together with an additional 10 challenge isolates, the overall categorical agreement was 91.7% (351 data points). The following bacteria were readily identifiable: cream\/white <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, coagulase-negative staphylococci, <jats:italic>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/jats:italic>; turquoise <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>, enterococci, <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>; mauve <jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Shigella sonnei, Citrobacter freundii<\/jats:italic>; dark-blue <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterobacter<\/jats:italic>; green <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>; and brown <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>. Clear colonies were seen with <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> (turns pink). Our study suggests that Chromatic MH for dDD may show promise as a rapid, clinically useful presumptive method for overnight simultaneous identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, there is a need to optimize the medium formulation to allow the recovery of <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T13:26:05Z","timestamp":1668432365000},"page":"1302-1307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rapid, Low-Complexity, Simultaneous Bacterial Group Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Performed Directly on Positive Blood Culture Bottles Using Chromogenic Agar"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"F. J. 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