{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:05:54Z","timestamp":1768208754588,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Acute infections of bone and joints are medical emergencies. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for limb salvage and prevention of deformities. Data from developing countries are essential to develop region-specific treatment guidelines including choice of empiric antibiotics. We reviewed electronic medical records of children (\u2264 12 years old) admitted to the pediatrics or orthopedics department of a tertiary care hospital in South India from 2013 to 2017 with a diagnosis of septic arthritis and\/or osteomyelitis. Clinical, microbiological, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age of the children (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207) was 48 (7.5\u2013105) months. Acute infections were more common in infants, whereas chronic cases were common in children &gt; 5 years of age. <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (71%) was the most common organism identified. Gram-negative organisms were more frequently isolated in infants compared with older children. Blood and\/or wound culture positivity was 78% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009161) overall and 78% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931) in chronic cases. The median (IQR) duration of antibiotics was 7 (5\u20138) weeks. Sequelae and readmissions occurred in 47% (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200981) of the 172 patients followed for a year. Culture positivity rates especially of wound were high even after receiving antibiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T13:37:34Z","timestamp":1681133854000},"page":"936-941","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Spectrum and Microbial Etiology of Bone and Joint Infections in Children: A Retrospective Analysis from South India"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Amol","family":"Jaybhaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shyamsunder","family":"LG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nabaneeta","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valsan","family":"Verghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anila","family":"Chacko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vrisha","family":"Madhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Palocaren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhay","family":"Gahukamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deeptiman","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Winsley","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci","first-page":"145","article-title":"Acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in children: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"23 (Suppl):","author":"Gigante","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"855","article-title":"Update on the management of pediatric acute osteomyelitis and septic arthritis","volume":"17","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2016"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acta Orthop Belg","first-page":"505","article-title":"Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in 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India","volume":"22","author":"Kini","year":"2013"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"e285","article-title":"Comparison of methicillin-resistant versus susceptible Staphylococcus aureus pediatric osteomyelitis","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Indian J Pediatr","first-page":"461","article-title":"Bone and joint infection in neonates","volume":"65","author":"Narang","year":"1998"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol","first-page":"573","article-title":"Current clinical and bacteriological profile of septic arthritis in young infants: a prospective study from a tertiary referral centre","volume":"28","author":"Sankaran","year":"2018"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol","first-page":"477","article-title":"Neonatal septic arthritis in a tertiary care hospital: a descriptive study","volume":"26","author":"Sreenivas","year":"2016"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"323","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus musculoskeletal infections: emerging trends over the past decade","volume":"36","author":"Sarkissian","year":"2016"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"2398","article-title":"Relationship of MIC and bactericidal activity to efficacy of vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"42","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2004"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"J Med Microbiol","first-page":"1753","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus osteoarticular infections in children: an 8-year review of molecular microbiology, antibiotic resistance and clinical characteristics","volume":"67","author":"Bouras","year":"2018"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Antibiotics (Basel)","first-page":"101","article-title":"Declining prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children: implications for treatment","volume":"9","author":"Weiss","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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