{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:32:55Z","timestamp":1787031175681,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During a COVID-19 outbreak in a prison in Zambia from December 14 to 19, 2021, a case\u2013control study was done to measure vaccine effectiveness (VE) against infection and symptomatic infection, when the Omicron variant was the dominant circulating variant. Among 382 participants, 74.1% were fully vaccinated, and the median time since full vaccination was 54 days. There were no hospitalizations or deaths. COVID-19 VE against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was 64.8%, and VE against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was 72.9%. COVID-19 vaccination helped protect incarcerated persons against SARS-CoV-2 infection during an outbreak while Omicron was the dominant variant in Zambia. These findings provide important local evidence that might be used to increase COVID-19 vaccination in Zambia and other countries in Africa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T09:10:06Z","timestamp":1662973806000},"page":"1055-1059","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness during a Prison Outbreak when Omicron was the Dominant Circulating Variant\u2014Zambia, December 2021"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Simwanza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Lusaka, Zambia;"},{"name":"National Malaria Elimination Centre, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas Z.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Sinyange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Lusaka, Zambia;"},{"name":"National Malaria Elimination Centre, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyambe","family":"Sinyange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chilufya","family":"Mulenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Field Epidemiology Training Programme, Lusaka, Zambia;"},{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hanyinza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Sakubita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelia","family":"Langa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haggai","family":"Nowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia Correctional Services, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscilla","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lusaka Province Health Office, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ngonda","family":"Saasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, 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Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Kapata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzala","family":"Kapina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunda","family":"Musonda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazyanga","family":"Liwewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zambia National Public Health Institute, Lusaka, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consity","family":"Mwale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lusaka Province Health Office, Lusaka, 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