{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T20:10:00Z","timestamp":1788466200914,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by <jats:italic>Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>. Uzbekistan is endemic for CE, but estimates of disease burden are lacking. We present findings from a cross-sectional, ultrasound-based survey evaluating the prevalence of human CE in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan. The survey was conducted between September and October 2019 in the Payariq district, Samarkand. Study villages were selected based on sheep breeding and reported human CE. Residents aged 5\u201390 years were invited to receive a free abdominal ultrasound examination. The WHO Informal Working Group on Echinococcosis classification was used for cyst staging. Information regarding CE diagnosis and treatment was collected. Of 2,057 screened subjects, 498 (24.2%) were male. Twelve (0.58%) had detectable abdominal CE cysts. In total, five active\/transitional (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091 CE1, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091 CE2, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093 CE3b) and 10 inactive cysts (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098 CE4, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092 CE5) were identified. Two participants had cystic lesions with no pathognomonic features of CE and were given a 1-month course of albendazole for diagnostic purposes. Twenty-three additional individuals reported previous surgery for CE in the liver (65.2%), lungs (21.6%), spleen (4.4%), liver and lungs (4.4%), and brain (4.4%). Our findings confirm the presence of CE in the Samarkand region, Uzbekistan. Additional studies are needed to assess the burden of human CE in the country. All patients with a history of CE reported surgery, even though most cysts found during the current study were inactive. Therefore, it appears there is a lack of awareness by the local medical community of the currently accepted stage-specific management of CE.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T18:53:32Z","timestamp":1685991212000},"page":"153-158","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound-Based Prevalence of Cystic Echinococcosis in the Samarkand Region of Uzbekistan: Results from a Field Survey"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Agnese","family":"Colpani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olesya","family":"Achilova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luca","family":"D\u2019Alessandro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Budke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Mariconti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur","family":"Muratov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambra","family":"Vola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arzu","family":"Mamedov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Giordani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uktam","family":"Suvonkulov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isaev Institute for Medical Parasitology, Samarkand, Uzbekistan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Brunetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Manciulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy;"},{"name":"Unit of Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Adv Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2016.11.002","article-title":"Ecology and life cycle patterns of Echinococcus species","volume":"95","author":"Romig","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"1","article-title":"Echinococcosis: advances in the 21st century","volume":"32","author":"Wen","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"52","article-title":"The natural history of cystic echinococcosis in untreated and albendazole-treated patients","volume":"171","author":"Solomon","year":"2017"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"253","article-title":"International classification of ultrasound images in cystic echinococcosis for application in clinical and field epidemiological settings","volume":"85","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"3","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis: chronic, complex, and still neglected","volume":"5","author":"Brunetti","year":"2011"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"296","article-title":"Global socioeconomic impact of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"12","author":"Budke","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Trop Med Health","first-page":"283","article-title":"Human echinococcosis: a neglected disease?","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2007"},{"key":"b8","year":"2020"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"1667","article-title":"The emergence of echinococcosis in central Asia","volume":"140","author":"Torgerson","year":"2013"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Korean J Parasitol","first-page":"383","article-title":"Infection status of hydatid cysts in humans and sheep in Uzbekistan","volume":"51","author":"Hong","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Parasitol Int","first-page":"S207","article-title":"Present situation of cystic echinococcosis in Central Asia","volume":"55 (Suppl)","author":"Torgerson","year":"2006"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005384","article-title":"Human cystic echinococcosis in Morocco: ultrasound screening in the Mid Atlas through an Italian-Moroccan partnership","volume":"11","author":"Chebli","year":"2017"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"769","article-title":"Prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in rural Bulgaria, Romania, and Turkey: a cross-sectional, ultrasound-based, population study from the HERACLES project","volume":"18","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals \u2013 A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021\u20132030","year":"2020"},{"key":"b15"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"341","article-title":"Echinococcosis, toxocarosis and toxoplasmosis screening in a rural community in eastern Kazakhstan","volume":"14","author":"Torgerson","year":"2009"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in humans","volume":"114","author":"Brunetti","year":"2010"},{"key":"b18","year":"2017"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"World J Hepatol","first-page":"293","article-title":"Cystic echinococcosis of the liver: a primer for hepatologists","volume":"6","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Ultrasound","first-page":"75","article-title":"A simple sonographic scoring system combined with routine serology is useful in differentiating parasitic from non-parasitic cysts of the liver","volume":"12","author":"Grisolia","year":"2009"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1345","article-title":"Diagnostic performances of commercial ELISA, indirect hemagglutination, and Western blot in differentiation of hepatic echinococcal and non-echinococcal lesions: a retrospective analysis of data from a single referral centre","volume":"101","author":"Vola","year":"2019"},{"key":"b22"},{"key":"b23"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"417","article-title":"Modelling the transmission dynamics of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in rural Kazakhstan","volume":"126","author":"Torgerson","year":"2003"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"222","article-title":"Ultrasound-based evaluation of the prevalence of abdominal cystic echinococcosis in the Turkestan region of Kazakhstan","volume":"116","author":"Mustapayeva","year":"2022"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e603","article-title":"Epidemic cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: an analysis of national surveillance data","volume":"8","author":"Paternoster","year":"2020"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"724","article-title":"Trends in the surgical incidence of cystic echinococcosis in Uzbekistan from 2011 to 2018","volume":"106","author":"Colpani","year":"2021"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007\u20132016","volume":"102","author":"Mustapayeva","year":"2019"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"371","article-title":"Epidemiological factors associated with human cystic echinococcosis: a semi-structured questionnaire from a large population-based ultrasound study in Eastern Europe and Turkey","volume":"12","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2019"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"235","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of echinococcosis in central Asia, with particular reference to the People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"141","author":"Zhang","year":"2015"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"236","article-title":"The European Register of Cystic Echinococcosis, ERCE: state-of-the-art five years after its launch","volume":"13","author":"Rossi","year":"2020"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"91","article-title":"Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012","volume":"140","author":"Brundu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"50","article-title":"Comment on: Retrospective study of human cystic echinococcosis in Italy based on the analysis of hospital discharge records between 2001 and 2012","volume":"144","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2015"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"219","article-title":"Epidemiological surveillance of human hydatidosis by means of ultrasonography: its contribution to the evaluation of control programs","volume":"79","author":"Frider","year":"2001"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005771","article-title":"The disease burden of human cystic echinococcosis based on HDRs from 2001 to 2014 in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Piseddu","year":"2017"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004154","article-title":"Surveillance of human echinococcosis in Castilla-Leon (Spain) between 2000-2012","volume":"9","author":"Lopez-Bernus","year":"2015"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Incidence rates of surgically managed cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan, 2007","volume":"102","author":"Mustapayeva","year":"2016"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for human cystic echinococcosis in the Cusco Region of the Peruvian highlands diagnosed using focused abdominal ultrasound","volume":"96","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2017"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"Acta Trop","first-page":"6","article-title":"Progress towards international adoption of the World Health Organization ultrasound classification of cystic echinococcosis","volume":"189","author":"Mirabile","year":"2019"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"405","article-title":"Costs associated with surgically treated cases of abdominal cystic echinococcosis: a single center\u2019s experience from 2008 to 2014, Pavia, Italy","volume":"95","author":"Narra","year":"2016"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1951","article-title":"Evidence of low prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in the Catanzaro Province, Calabria Region, Italy","volume":"103","author":"Manciulli","year":"2020"},{"key":"b42","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p153.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T12:28:45Z","timestamp":1688560125000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p153.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0376","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]}}}