{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T10:47:27Z","timestamp":1748429247954},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Reports of cases of noma in Nigeria remain scarce despite its known and devastating effects on victims. This report presents a retrospective cross-sectional study based on data regarding on patients with noma encountered incidentally during Oral Health Advocacy Initiative outreach on orofacial diseases across 34 states and the Federal Capital Territory in Nigeria over 10 years (2011\u20132020), which was aimed at contributing to an understanding of the epidemiology of noma in Nigeria. The data were collated and analyzed, and are presented in frequency distribution tables and charts. A total of 7,195 patients with noma were encountered. The northeastern region had the greatest number of patients (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 1,785, 24.8%) whereas the southwestern region had the least (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 196, 2.7%). When aggregated by state, Ondo State had the least number of patients (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 31, 0.4%) whereas Kano State had the greatest (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 623, 8.7%). Patient age ranged from 3 to 70 years, with a slight male preponderance (56.9%). This report highlights the fact that noma is prevalent in Nigeria but remains neglected, with extensive but preventable physical, emotional, and social debilitation and devastation of the victims across all age groups. There is a need for a more robust survey to determine the true burden of the disease. There is also an urgent need for collaboration between governments and nongovernmental organizations to institute appropriate interventions by way of public education and enlightenment, as well as case detection and early treatment to mitigate the devastating consequences of delayed or poorly managed cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T12:52:35Z","timestamp":1665406355000},"page":"1132-1136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Retrospective Characterization of Noma Cases Found Incidentally across Nigeria during Outreach Programs for Cleft Lip from 2011\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Ngutor","family":"Ver-or","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Advocacy Initiative, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka Kenneth","family":"Iregbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olaniyi Olufemi","family":"Taiwo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inter-country Center for Oral Health for Africa, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ikhelua Thomas","family":"Afeleokhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Advocacy Initiative, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiangi Gabriel","family":"Aza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Advocacy Initiative, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah Z.","family":"Adaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Advocacy Initiative, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlse","family":"Margima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Health Advocacy Initiative, Abuja, FCT, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411000110020201","article-title":"Oro-facial gangrene (noma\/cancrum oris): pathogenetic mechanisms","volume":"11","year":"2000"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007574","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007574","article-title":"Estimated incidence and prevalence of noma in north central Nigeria, 2010\u20132018: a retrospective study","volume":"13","year":"2019"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"419","article-title":"Noma: an \u201cinfectious\u201d disease of unknown aetiology","volume":"3","year":"2003"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e869","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000869","article-title":"A case and review of noma","volume":"4","year":"2010"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Glob J Health Sci","first-page":"53","article-title":"A review on noma: a recent update","volume":"8","year":"2016"},{"key":"b6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0718"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(46)91406-7","article-title":"Noma: overview of a neglected disease and human rights violation","volume":"96","year":"2017"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"317","article-title":"Medical observations in Auschwitz concentration camp","volume":"247","year":"1946"},{"key":"b9"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Oral Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01036.x","article-title":"The World Health Organization initiative on noma","volume":"5","year":"1999"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2019-002141","article-title":"An estimation of the incidence of noma in north\u2010west Nigeria","volume":"8","year":"2003"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"BMJ Glob Health","first-page":"e002141","article-title":"The prevalence of noma in northwest Nigeria","volume":"5","year":"2020"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Noma Today: A Public Health Problem? 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