{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T11:25:53Z","timestamp":1743765953185},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Obtaining accurate malaria surveillance data is challenging in low-transmission settings because large sample sizes are required to estimate incidence and prevalence precisely. Serology is an additional tool to document progress toward malaria elimination. An enzyme immunoassay to <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> lysate was used to estimate age-specific seroprevalence among residents of southern Zambia, where malaria transmission has declined to pre-elimination levels during the past two decades. Plasma was eluted from 3,362 dried blood spots collected during five cross-sectional surveys conducted between 2009 and 2012, and again in 2018. Annual seroconversion rates (SCRs), an estimate of the force of infection, were calculated using a reversible catalytic model. The SCR decreased by two thirds from a level of approximately 0.15\/year in 2009 and 2010 to approximately 0.05\/year in 2011 and 2012, and then decreased 5-fold to 0.01\/year by 2018, demonstrating the utility of serology in documenting progress toward elimination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T19:29:52Z","timestamp":1682969392000},"page":"134-137","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Declining Age-Specific Seroprevalence and Seroconversion Rates in Plasmodium falciparum from 2009 to 2018 Documents Progress toward Malaria Elimination in Southern Zambia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Ben","family":"Katowa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry","family":"Hamapumbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Thuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Macha Research Trust, Choma, Zambia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"B\u00e9rub\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Wesolowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Moss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamaki","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"_","family":"_","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2022"},{"key":"b2","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","year":"2021"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"575","article-title":"Serology: a robust indicator of malaria transmission intensity?","volume":"23","author":"Corran","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5","author":"Griffin","year":"2015"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"409","article-title":"Modelling dynamic change of malaria transmission in holoendemic setting (Dielmo, Senegal) using longitudinal measures of antibody prevalence to Plasmodium falciparum crude schizonts extract","volume":"16","author":"Niass","year":"2017"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"National Malaria Elimination Strategic Plan 2017\u20132021","year":"2017"},{"key":"b8","year":"2019"},{"key":"b9","year":"2009"},{"key":"b10","year":"2021"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"267","article-title":"Seasonality, blood feeding behavior, and transmission of Plasmodium falciparum by Anopheles arabiensis after an extended drought in southern Zambia","volume":"76","author":"Kent","year":"2007"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Med Entomol","first-page":"1482","article-title":"Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles squamosus (Diptera: Culicidae) in an area targeted for malaria elimination, southern Zambia","volume":"53","author":"Stevenson","year":"2016"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Scientific findings of the Southern and Central Africa International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research: ten years of malaria control impact assessments in hypo-, meso-, and holoendemic transmission zones in Zambia and Zimbabwe","volume":"107","author":"Ippolito","year":"2022"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"163","article-title":"Use of remote sensing to identify spatial risk factors for malaria in a region of declining transmission: a cross-sectional and longitudinal community survey","volume":"10","author":"Moss","year":"2011"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"438","article-title":"Temporal and spatial patterns of serologic responses to Plasmodium falciparum antigens in a region of declining malaria transmission in southern Zambia","volume":"11","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Parasitology","first-page":"410","article-title":"Estimating the force of malaria infection","volume":"12","author":"Riley","year":"1996"},{"key":"b17","year":"2011"},{"key":"b18","year":"2013"},{"key":"b19","year":"2015"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"MSphere","first-page":"e00061-19","article-title":"Distinct antibody signatures associated with different malaria transmission intensities in Zambia and Zimbabwe","volume":"4","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p134.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T12:00:30Z","timestamp":1688558430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/1\/article-p134.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]}}}