{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:18:47Z","timestamp":1790889527529,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic disease of public health and economic importance. Uganda has reported sporadic outbreaks of RVF in both humans and animals across the country, especially in the southwestern part of the \u201ccattle corridor\u201d through an established viral hemorrhagic fever surveillance system. We report 52 human cases of laboratory-confirmed RVF from 2017 to 2020. The case fatality rate was 42%. Among those infected, 92% were males and 90% were adults (\u2265 18 years). Clinical symptoms were characterized by fever (69%), unexplained bleeding (69%), headache (51%), abdominal pain (49%), and nausea and vomiting (46%). Most of the cases (95%) originated from central and western districts that are part of the cattle corridor of Uganda, where the main risk factor was direct contact with livestock (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009). Other predictors of RVF positivity were determined to be male gender (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.001) and being a butcher (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.04). Next-generation sequencing identified the predominant Ugandan clade as Kenya-2, observed previously across East Africa. There is need for further investigation and research into the effect and spread of this neglected tropical disease in Uganda and the rest of Africa. Control measures such as promoting vaccination and limiting animal\u2013human transmission could be explored to reduce the impact of RVF in Uganda and globally.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T08:30:10Z","timestamp":1678696210000},"page":"995-1002","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Detection of Sporadic Outbreaks of Rift Valley Fever in Uganda through the National Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Surveillance System, 2017\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Luke","family":"Nyakarahuka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"},{"name":"Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems and Veterinary Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Klena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Balinandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emir","family":"Talundzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Tumusiime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackson","family":"Kyondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Mulei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Baluku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Akurut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Namanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kilama","family":"Kamugisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uganda Wildlife Authority, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Cossaboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Whitesell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carson","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Lutwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Shoemaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Virol","first-page":"927","article-title":"Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: second update 2018","volume":"164","author":"Maes","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Genetic analysis of viruses associated with emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Saudi 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Mauritania and Senegal","volume":"19","author":"Diallo","year":"2005"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Infect Ecol Epidemiol","first-page":"28024","article-title":"A systematic review of Rift Valley fever epidemiology 1931\u20132014","volume":"5","author":"Nanyingi","year":"2015"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0006412","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of Rift Valley fever in humans and animals from Kabale District in southwestern Uganda, 2016","volume":"12","author":"Nyakarahuka","year":"2018"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003536","article-title":"Inter-epidemic acquisition of Rift Valley fever virus in humans in Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"Sumaye","year":"2015"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0007979","article-title":"High risk for human exposure to Rift Valley fever virus in communities living along livestock movement routes: a cross-sectional survey in Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Tigoi","year":"2020"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"722","article-title":"A review of mosquitoes associated with Rift Valley fever virus in Madagascar","volume":"92","author":"Tantely","year":"2015"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0004314","article-title":"The risk of nosocomial transmission of Rift Valley fever","volume":"9","author":"Al-Hamdan","year":"2015"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"373","article-title":"Impact of enhanced viral haemorrhagic fever surveillance on outbreak detection and response in Uganda","volume":"18","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Biomed","first-page":"483","article-title":"Laboratory biosafety for handling emerging viruses","volume":"7","author":"Artika","year":"2017"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e78609","article-title":"Uganda\u2019s new National Laboratory Sample Transport System: a successful model for improving access to diagnostic services for early infant HIV diagnosis and other programs","volume":"8","author":"Kiyaga","year":"2013"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Microbiol","first-page":"3506","article-title":"Highly sensitive and broadly reactive quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay for high-throughput detection of Rift Valley fever virus","volume":"45","author":"Bird","year":"2007"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0006175","article-title":"Rift Valley fever: a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of slaughterhouse workers and community members in Kabale District, Uganda","volume":"12","author":"Maurice","year":"2018"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S122","article-title":"The EpiInfo viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) application: a resource for outbreak data management and contact tracing in the 2014\u20132016 West Africa Ebola 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