{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:07:02Z","timestamp":1784290022779,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Mass drug administration of praziquantel becomes a less attractive strategy for elimination of schistosomiasis in low-prevalence areas due to cost implications and low treatment compliance. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a Test-Treat-Track-Test-Treat (5T) strategy in two low-prevalence villages; the 5T strategy has been successfully implemented in diseases such as malaria. A total of 200 school children aged 6\u201312 years were randomly selected from two schools and tested for <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic> infection using the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen test. <jats:italic>Schistosoma mansoni<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive children, referred to as first-generation cases (FGCs), were tracked and treated including up to five members of their families. Second-generation cases, identified by the FGCs as their close, non-relative contacts, were also tracked, tested, and treated, including up to five members of their families. The prevalence of schistosomiasis among screened FGCs was 16.5% (33\/200) in both villages. Twenty-four FGCs were included in the study. Prevalence among 94 contacts of FGCs was 46.8% (44\/94). The proportion was higher in Muda than Bulunga village (61.2% versus 31.1%, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 10.6611, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005). Prevalence among SGCs and their contacts was 37.5% (9\/24) and 47.1% (49\/104), respectively. Overall, the 5T strategy identified 102 additional cases out of 222 tracked from FGCs, 95% of whom were treated, at a total time of 52 hours. Our data demonstrate the potential of the 5T strategy in identifying and treating additional cases in the community and hence its practicality in schistosomiasis control in low-prevalence settings at relatively low time and resources investment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T19:26:23Z","timestamp":1683660383000},"page":"1167-1174","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Test-Treat-Track-Test-Treat Strategy for Control of Schistosomiasis in Two Low-Prevalence Villages in Northwestern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Jane K.","family":"Maganga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teckla","family":"Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justina","family":"Mosha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph R.","family":"Mwanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safari M.","family":"Kinung\u2019hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"411","article-title":"Schistosomiasis and water resources development: systematic review, meta-analysis, and estimates of people at risk","volume":"6","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1212","article-title":"Schistosomiasis","volume":"346","author":"Ross","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"37","article-title":"Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010","volume":"7","author":"Pullan","year":"2014"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2865","article-title":"The global burden of disease study 2010: interpretation and 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