{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:46:29Z","timestamp":1774525589924,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and HIV constitute a public health challenge. Health workers (HWs) in HIV clinics maybe at greater risk of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection, considering the high rates of HIV\/tuberculosis (TB) coinfection among patients. Hence, we measured the prevalence of <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection and the effect of working in an HIV clinic. We conducted a cross-sectional study in high-HIV burden health-care facilities in Abuja and Nasarawa states and recruited HWs over 4 months. We administered questionnaires and screened for <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection using QuantiFERON-TB Gold-Plus. A total of 1,043 HWs were enrolled, with the majority being clinical staff (77.4%). Prevalence of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) positivity was 44.8% (43.8% among HWs from HIV clinic and 45.3% from non-HIV clinics, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.24). Nonoccupational factors such as living in a moderately (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71] or sparsely populated neighborhood (OR = 0.56), remained associated with a reduced risk of IGRA positivity, whereas male gender (OR = 1.37) and having high blood pressure (HBP) (OR = 1.52) remained associated with an increased risk after adjusting. Occupational factors such as length of career as a HW of 10 to 20 years (OR = 1.45) or 20 to 30 years (OR = 1.74) remained associated with an increased risk of IGRA positivity after adjusting. In a final multivariate model, the factors of age between 20 to &lt; 30 years (OR = 0.61), having HBP (OR = 1.56), having a length of career as a HW of 10 to 20 years (OR = 1.66) or 20 to 30 years (OR = 2.09) and being a clinical HW (OR = 0.62) remained associated with IGRA positivity. There is a high prevalence of IGRA positivity among HWs in Nigeria. Working in HIV clinics, however, is not associated with increased risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,30]],"date-time":"2023-05-30T15:15:30Z","timestamp":1685459730000},"page":"60-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and Risk Factors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Health Workers in HIV Treatment Centers in North Central, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Evaezi","family":"Okpokoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maia","family":"Lesosky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Cape Town, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chinye","family":"Osa-Afiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Bada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine for Africa, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzoamaka","family":"Okwor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Odonye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Igbinomwanhia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saddiq","family":"Abdurrahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Federal Capital Territory Administration, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nubwa","family":"Medugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology, National Hospital Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Kagina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine for Africa, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alash\u2019le","family":"Abimiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria;"},{"name":"University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahieda","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Occupational Medicine, University of Cape Town, School of Public Health, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Eur Respir J","first-page":"1563","article-title":"Management of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: WHO guidelines for low tuberculosis burden 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