{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T15:51:42Z","timestamp":1786377102155,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686096000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Keystone orthobunyavirus<\/jats:italic> (KEYV), a member of the genus <jats:italic>Orthobunyavirus<\/jats:italic>, was first isolated in 1964 from mosquitoes in Keystone, Florida. Although data on human infections are limited, the virus has been linked to a fever\/rash syndrome and, possibly, encephalitis, with early studies suggesting that 20% of persons in the Tampa, Florida, region had antibodies to KEYV. To assess the distribution and diversity of KEYV in other regions of Florida, we collected &gt;\u00a06,000 mosquitoes from 43 sampling sites in St. Johns County between June 2019 and April 2020. Mosquitoes were separated into pools by species and collection date and site. All pools with <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> spp. (293 pools, 2,171 mosquitoes) were screened with a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay that identifies KEYV and other closely related virus species of what was previously designated as the California encephalitis serogroup. In 2020, screening for KEYV was expanded to include 211 pools of <jats:italic>Culex<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes from sites where KEYV-positive <jats:italic>Aedes<\/jats:italic> spp. had been identified. rRT-PCR\u2013positive samples were inoculated into cell cultures, and five KEYV isolates from <jats:italic>Aedes atlanticus<\/jats:italic> pools were isolated and sequenced. Analyses of the KEYV large genome segment sequences revealed two distinct KEYV clades, whereas analyses of the medium and small genome segments uncovered past reassortment events. Our data documented the ongoing seasonal circulation of multiple KEYV clades within <jats:italic>Ae. atlanticus<\/jats:italic> mosquito populations along the east coast of Florida, highlighting the need for further studies of the impact of this virus on human health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T19:29:53Z","timestamp":1682969393000},"page":"1256-1263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diversity and Genetic Reassortment of Keystone Virus in Mosquito Populations in Florida"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Maha A.","family":"Elbadry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Efstathion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Volusia Mosquito Control District, New Smyrna Beach, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney A.","family":"Qualls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano S.","family":"Tagliamonte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mahbubul","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Siddiqur Rahman","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadie J.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Geography, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-de","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Remi N.","family":"Charrel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, INSERM U1207, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Bangonan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anastasia Mosquito Control District, St. Augustine, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Salemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazli","family":"Ayhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit\u00e9 des Virus Emergents, Aix Marseille University, INSERM U1207, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Lednicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Glenn","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Virol","first-page":"1949","article-title":"Taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales: update 2019","volume":"164","author":"Abudurexiti","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Public Health Rep","first-page":"607","article-title":"California group arboviruses in Florida and report of a new strain, Keystone virus","volume":"81","author":"Bond","year":"1966"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"964","article-title":"Review of current epidemiologic literature on viruses of the California arbovirus group","volume":"21","author":"Parkin","year":"1972"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Fla Med 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