{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T14:59:29Z","timestamp":1791644369138,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diarrhea is a leading cause of childhood morbidity in Africa, but few studies, focus on bacterial diarrheal etiology including multicountry studies that typically excluded Nigeria. We collected stool specimens from 477 children under 5\u2009years of age, 120 with diarrhea, who were enrolled in our prospective case-control study between November 2015 and August 2019. All were attending primary health clinics on the northern outskirts of Ibadan. Up to 10\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were obtained per specimen, and at least three of them were sequenced using Illumina whole-genome sequence technology. Genomes were assembled using SPAdes and evaluated for quality using QUAST. VirulenceFinder was used to identify virulence genes. The microbiological quality of water from 14 wells within the study area was assessed using total and coliform counts. Diarrheagenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (DEC) were isolated from 79 (65.8%) cases and 217 (60.8%) control children. A number of hybrid DEC pathotypes,\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and all DEC pathotypes except Shiga toxin-producing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected, but no pathogen showed association with disease (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &gt; 0.05). Enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were more commonly recovered from children without diarrhea aged below 6 months but exclusively detected in children with diarrhea aged over 9 months. Temporally linked, genetically similar enteroaggregative\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    were isolated from children in different households in eight instances. No well water sample drawn in the study was potable. Children in northern Ibadan were commonly colonized with DEC. Access to water, proper sanitation, and vaccination against the prevailing pathogens may be critical for protecting children from the less overt consequences of enteric pathogen carriage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T11:07:40Z","timestamp":1698664060000},"page":"1223-1232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Carriage among Children in Northern Ibadan, Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Olabisi C.","family":"Akinlabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"El-shama Q.","family":"Nwoko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rotimi A.","family":"Dada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laboratory Science Program, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria;"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stella","family":"Ekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeola","family":"Omotuyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chukwuemeka C.","family":"Nwimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akinlolu","family":"Adepoju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwafemi","family":"Popoola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Dougan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Sanger Institute, Saffron Walden, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iruka N.","family":"Okeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2020"},{"key":"b2","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"3027","article-title":"Global, regional, and national causes of under-5 mortality in 2000-15: an updated systematic analysis with implications for the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"388","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Population health outcomes in Nigeria compared with other west African countries, 1998\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden 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