{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T03:19:26Z","timestamp":1783739966788,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As malaria control and elimination efforts ramp up in Ethiopia, more sensitive tools for assessing exposure to coendemic <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> are needed to accurately characterize malaria risk and epidemiology. Serological markers have been increasingly explored as cost-effective tools for measuring transmission intensity and evaluating intervention effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a panel of 10 serological markers as a proxy for malaria exposure and to determine underlying risk factors of seropositivity. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in two sites of contrasting malaria transmission intensities in southwestern Ethiopia: Arjo in Oromia Region (low transmission) and Gambella in Gambella Regional State (moderate transmission). We measured antibody reactivity against six <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> (AMA-1, CSP, EBA175RIII-V, MSP-1<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>, MSP-3, RH2ab) and four <jats:italic>P. vivax<\/jats:italic> (DBPII[Sal1], EBP2, MSP-1<jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>, RBP2b) targets. We used mixed effects logistic regressions to assess predictors of seropositivity. <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> spp. infection prevalence by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was 1.36% in Arjo and 10.20% in Gambella. Seroprevalence and antibody levels against all 10 antigens were higher in Gambella than in Arjo. We observed spatial heterogeneities in seroprevalence across Arjo and smaller variations across Gambella. Seroprevalence in both sites was lowest against <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>CSP and highest against <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>AMA-1, <jats:italic>Pf<\/jats:italic>MSP-1<jats:sub>42<\/jats:sub>, and <jats:italic>Pv<\/jats:italic>MSPS-1<jats:sub>19<\/jats:sub>. Male sex, age, and agricultural occupation were positively associated with seropositivity in Arjo; associations were less pronounced in Gambella. Our findings demonstrate that seroprevalence and antibody levels to specific <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> antigens can be used to identify high-risk groups and geographical areas where interventions to reduce malaria transmission should be implemented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,10]],"date-time":"2023-04-10T13:37:43Z","timestamp":1681133863000},"page":"871-881","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serological Markers of Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Infection in Southwestern Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Brook","family":"Jeang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chieh","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Embury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delenasaw","family":"Yewhalaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;"},{"name":"Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Narum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai-Hong","family":"Tham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Kazura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiyun","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlene","family":"Dent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009781","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax epidemiology in Ethiopia 2000\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Ketema","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"560","article-title":"Plasmodium vivax in the era of the shrinking P. falciparum map","volume":"36","author":"Price","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Malaria Report 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0005806","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of co-endemic Plasmodium vivax and P. falciparum in Ethiopia and 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