{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T15:55:29Z","timestamp":1781279729951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    In areas with suboptimal resources, blood transfusion may not be feasible even when mandatory for severely anemic children with a life-threatening disease. We evaluated how much not having received a transfusion affected the survival in 171 children with an admission blood hemoglobin level of &lt; 6 g\/dL and bacterial meningitis in Luanda, Angola. Of these children, 75% (128 of 171) had received a blood transfusion during hospitalization, but 25% (43 of 171) had not. Within the first week, 33% of patients (40 of 121) with transfusion and 50% (25 of 50) without a transfusion died (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04). Early transfusion (days 1\u20132 of hospitalization) prolonged the time of survival from a median of 132 hours [interquartile range (IQR), 15\u2013168] to 168 hours (IQR, 69\u2013168;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004), and had odds of 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25\u20130.97;\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.040) for death compared with no transfusion. The effect of transfusion\/no transfusion at any time during hospitalization on mortality within 30 days, and prolongation of the time of survival were similar to early transfusion but showed even clearer benefits. Our results emphasize the value of timely transfusion in facilities that care for severely anemic children with severe infections to maximize their chances of survival.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T08:37:04Z","timestamp":1677487024000},"page":"851-856","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Effect of Blood Transfusion on the Survival of Children with Both Severe Anemia and Bacterial Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Tuula","family":"Pelkonen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;"},{"name":"New Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland;"},{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irmeli","family":"Roine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Cruzeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino, Luanda, Angola;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsi","family":"Jahnukainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;"},{"name":"New Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heikki","family":"Peltola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"21","article-title":"Anaemia and blood transfusion in African children presenting to hospital with severe febrile illness","volume":"13","author":"Kiguli","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"e057285","article-title":"Prevalence and significance of anaemia in childhood bacterial meningitis: a secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from clinical trials in Finland, Latin America and Angola","volume":"12","author":"Pelkonen","year":"2022"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"15","article-title":"Anemia epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"1450","author":"Chaparro","year":"2019"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"21593","article-title":"Outcome of childhood bacterial meningitis on three 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