{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:10:25Z","timestamp":1766178625561},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683072000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The clinical impact of <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic> hyperinfection secondary to immunosuppressive therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an emerging topic of interest, although characteristics of <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection in COVID-19 patients are not yet well characterized. This study summarizes the existing evidence of <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> infection in COVID-19 patients and recommends future areas of research. According to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we performed a search on MEDLINE and EMBASE for articles with keywords including \u201c<jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>,\u201d \u201cStrongyloidiasis,\u201d and \u201cCOVID-19\u201d from the inception of these databases to June 5, 2022. A total of 104 articles were found. After excluding duplication and thorough reviews, 11 articles, including two observational studies, one conference abstract, and nine case reports or series, were included. Two observational studies focused on revealing the prevalence of <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> screening in COVID-19 patients and clinical follow-up. Among the included cases, patients were mostly from low- or middle-income countries and suffered from severe or critical COVID-19. <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic> hyperinfection and disseminated infection were reported in 60% and 20%, respectively. Interestingly, 40% did not have eosinophilia, a hallmark of parasitic infection, potentially leading to delay in diagnosis of strongyloidiasis. This systematic review summarizes the clinical characteristics of strongyloidiasis in COVID-19 infection. Although further studies to identify risks and precipitants associated with the onset of strongyloidiasis are crucial, increased awareness of the critical condition is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T13:45:45Z","timestamp":1679319945000},"page":"901-905","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Strongyloidiasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Scoping Review"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Manasawee","family":"Tanariyakul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bolin","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Keitoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideharu","family":"Hagiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai\u2019i, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2022"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"693","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","year":"2021"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep","first-page":"105","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis infection in the immunocompromised host","volume":"10","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3018","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis \u2013 an insight into its global prevalence and management","volume":"8","author":"Puthiyakunnon","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e236","article-title":"Prevalence of strongyloidiasis and schistosomiasis among migrants: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Asundi","year":"2019"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"904","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 and Strongyloides stercoralis: partners in pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Dykie","year":"2020"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"J Parasit Dis","first-page":"167","article-title":"Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection syndrome: a deeper understanding of a neglected disease","volume":"43","author":"Vasquez-Rios","year":"2019"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"IDCases","first-page":"e01192","article-title":"Corticosteroids in Covid-19 pandemic have the potential to unearth hidden burden of strongyloidiasis","volume":"25","author":"Gautam","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Clin Epidemiol","first-page":"177","article-title":"Reporting scoping reviews-PRISMA ScR extension","volume":"123","author":"McGowan","year":"2020"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Ann Intern Med","first-page":"467","article-title":"PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation","volume":"169","author":"Tricco","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"440","article-title":"Influence of the drugs used in migrant patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and the development of symptomatic strongyloidiasis","volume":"116","author":"Lorenzo","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin","article-title":"Screening for strongyloidiasis in Spain in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: results of a survey on diagnosis and treatment","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Guardado","year":"2022"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Med Clin (Engl Ed)","first-page":"242","article-title":"Reactivation of Strongyloides stercoralis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia receiving dexamethasone","volume":"158","author":"Feria","year":"2022"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1590","article-title":"Case report: disseminated strongyloidiasis in a patient with COVID-19","volume":"103","author":"Lier","year":"2020"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"539","article-title":"Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia","volume":"49","author":"Marchese","year":"2021"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana","first-page":"199","article-title":"IGA vasculitis (Henoch sch\u00f6nlein purpura) in a pediatric patient with Covid-19 and strongyloidiasis. Case report","volume":"21","author":"Nakandakaria","year":"2021"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1134","article-title":"Strongyloidiasis: an important coinfection in the COVID-19 era","volume":"105","author":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-G\u00f3mez","year":"2021"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"BMJ Case Rep","first-page":"e239685","article-title":"Eosinophilic appendicitis due to Strongyloides stercoralis: a challenging differential diagnosis for clinicians","volume":"14","author":"P\u00e1ramo-Zunzunegui","year":"2021"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Chest","first-page":"A278","article-title":"A case of disseminated strongyloidiasis during treatment for COVID-19","volume":"160","author":"Patel","year":"2021"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Infect Dis Clin Pract","first-page":"E305","article-title":"COVID-19-associated eosinopenia in a patient with chronic eosinophilia due to chronic strongyloidiasis","volume":"29","author":"Stylemans","year":"2021"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"107","article-title":"High prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Spain: a hospital-based study","volume":"9","author":"Requena-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/5\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/5\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/5\/article-p901.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]],"date-time":"2023-05-03T19:20:30Z","timestamp":1683141630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/5\/article-p901.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0671","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]}}}