{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T04:47:01Z","timestamp":1680756421698},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680652800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Atovaquone-proguanil is one of the most commonly prescribed malaria prophylactic drugs. However, sporadic mutations conferring resistance to atovaquone have been detected in recent years associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic> cytochrome <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic> (\u2009<jats:italic>pfcytb<\/jats:italic>) gene. Monitoring polymorphisms linked with resistance is essential in assessing the prevalence of drug resistance and may help in designing strategies for malaria control. Several approaches have been used to study genetic polymorphisms associated with antimalarial drug resistance. However, they either lack high throughput capacity or are expensive in time or money. Ligase detection reaction fluorescent microsphere assay (LDR-FMA) provides a high-throughput method to detect genetic polymorphisms in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>. In this study, we have created primers to detect SNPs associated with clinically relevant atovaquone resistance using LDR-FMA and validated them in clinical samples. Four SNPs from <jats:italic>pfcytb<\/jats:italic> gene were analyzed using LDR-FMA. The results were 100% consistent with DNA sequence data, indicating that this method has potential as a tool to detect genetic polymorphisms associated with atovaquone resistance in <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T13:48:10Z","timestamp":1678110490000},"page":"777-782","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Creating and Validating Ligase Primers to Detect Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Atovaquone Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Muharib","family":"Alruwaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana;"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rubayet","family":"Elahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donelly","family":"van Schalkwyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"},{"name":"Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Prigge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Malaria"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers","first-page":"17050","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"3","author":"Phillips","year":"2017"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"16","article-title":"A systematic review of factors affecting adherence to malaria chemoprophylaxis amongst travelers from non-endemic countries","volume":"19","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Malar J","first-page":"240","article-title":"Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome b gene are associated with delayed parasite recrudescence in malaria patients treated with atovaquone-proguanil","volume":"7","author":"Sutherland","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"J Biol Chem","first-page":"3961","article-title":"Atovaquone, a broad spectrum antiparasitic drug, collapses mitochondrial membrane potential in a malarial 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