{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T12:25:35Z","timestamp":1762086335029,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a serious tropical disease and a neglected health challenge in Iran. Although limited data are available regarding anthroponotic CL, cases resistant to meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) are increasingly being reported. Via an open-label noncontrolled case series, allopurinol (10 mg\/kg\/day) plus itraconazole (3\u20134 mg\/kg\/day) were orally administered for 1 month to 27 patients (56 lesions) with anthroponotic CL, most of whom were resistant to Glucantime. A mean lesion size of 3.5 \u00b1 1.9 cm at baseline was reduced to 0.6 \u00b1 1.0 after 1 month of treatment. Excellent treatment response was observed in 85.7% of lesions after 1 month. Recurrence only occurred in one patient in the 3-month follow-up session. This study presents preliminary evidence that oral allopurinol plus itraconazole could be an effective treatment in patients with anthroponotic CL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T18:09:11Z","timestamp":1682359751000},"page":"1164-1166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis with Allopurinol Plus Itraconazole in Iran"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Vahid","family":"Mashayekhi Goyonlo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Derakhshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emadodin","family":"Darchini-Maragheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009241","article-title":"The effect of oral miltefosine in treatment of antimoniate resistant anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis: an uncontrolled clinical trial","volume":"15","author":"Tayyebi","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"741","article-title":"Allopurinol in the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"326","author":"Martinez","year":"1992"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol","first-page":"2216","article-title":"Evidence supporting the enhanced efficacy of pentavalent antimonials with adjuvant therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis","volume":"34","author":"Husein\u2010ElAhmed","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"521","article-title":"Evaluating the efficacy of allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"41","author":"Esfandiarpour","year":"2002"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Int J Dermatol","first-page":"441","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with a combination of allopurinol and low\u2010dose meglumine antimoniate","volume":"41","author":"Momeni","year":"2002"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev","first-page":"CD004834","article-title":"Interventions for American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis","volume":"8","author":"Pinart","year":"2020"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Arch Dermatol","first-page":"784","article-title":"Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with itraconazole. Randomized double-blind study","volume":"132","author":"Momeni","year":"1996"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"187","article-title":"Atypical presentation of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a renal transplant recipient successfully treated with allopurinol and fluconazole","volume":"33","author":"Yaich","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1164.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1164.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1164.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T13:03:09Z","timestamp":1686142989000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1164.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0733","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]}}}