{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T02:09:00Z","timestamp":1790820540845,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. Although this environmental organism is endemic in certain regions of Australia, it is not considered endemic in Southern Queensland, where the last case was reported 21 years ago. We report a climate change\u2013associated outbreak of melioidosis occurring during two La Ni\u00f1a events in a region previously considered nonendemic for <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>. During a 15-month period, 14 cases of locally acquired melioidosis were identified. Twelve patients were adults (&gt; 50 years), with diabetes mellitus the most common risk factor in 6 of 12 patients (50%). Eleven patients (79%) had direct exposure to floodwaters or the flooded environment. This study suggests an association between climate change and an increased incidence of melioidosis. In addition, this is the first report of environmental sampling and whole-genome analysis to prove endemicity and local acquisition in this region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T20:07:38Z","timestamp":1683662858000},"page":"1215-1219","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Expanding the Geographic Boundaries of Melioidosis in Queensland, Australia"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Ian","family":"Gassiep","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia;"},{"name":"Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Grey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li Jun","family":"Thean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Farquhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Ariotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikki","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy V.","family":"Jennison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Microbiology, Forensic and Scientific Services, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haakon","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satyamurthy","family":"Anuradha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Public Health Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Dyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Public Health Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Public Health Unit, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundaberg Hospital, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise","family":"Putt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bundaberg Hospital, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veenaa","family":"Pakeerathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hervey Bay Hospital, Pialba, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul M.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Hospital Brisbane, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick N. A.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman\u2019s Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia;"},{"name":"Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Nat Microbiol","first-page":"15008","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"27","article-title":"Melioidosis: an Australian perspective","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev","first-page":"e00006","article-title":"Human melioidosis","volume":"33","author":"Gassiep","year":"2020"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Lancet Infect 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are associated with case-clusters of melioidosis in the Northern Territory of Australia","volume":"35","author":"Cheng","year":"2006"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"197","article-title":"Fatal human melioidosis in south-eastern Queensland","volume":"166","author":"Scott","year":"1997"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"325","article-title":"Fatal human melioidosis acquired in a subtropical Australian city","volume":"65","author":"Munckhof","year":"2001"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"290","article-title":"Melioidosis in south-eastern Queensland","volume":"191","author":"Guard","year":"2009"},{"key":"b12","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"A Supercharged Climate: Rain Bombs, Flash Flooding and Destruction","author":"Rice","year":"2022"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2105","article-title":"Systematic review and consensus guidelines for environmental sampling of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"7","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2013"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol","first-page":"7243","article-title":"Groundwater seeps facilitate exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"77","author":"Baker","year":"2011"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0003635","article-title":"What drives the occurrence of the melioidosis bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei in domestic gardens?","volume":"9","author":"Kaestli","year":"2015"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"3119","article-title":"Increased incidence of melioidosis in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, 1998\u20132019","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2021"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"1538","article-title":"Intensity of rainfall and severity of melioidosis, Australia","volume":"9","author":"Currie","year":"2003"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of 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