{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:43:20Z","timestamp":1791315800400,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vision loss is a presenting complaint in many patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Data related to vision loss in SSPE is available only in the form of case reports. In this systematic review, we evaluated characteristics of vision loss, affected anatomic site, and patient course and outcome. We extracted data from four databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The last search was done on October 26, 2022. We adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022362652). Dyken\u2019s criteria were used for the diagnosis of SSPE. The data were recorded in an Excel sheet. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of data. The mean age of patients with SSPE was 17.9 years. Males outnumbered females (60:34). In 73 patients (76%), duration of illness\/onset of vision loss was less than 6 months. In 76% patients (<jats:italic>n <\/jats:italic>= 73), visual manifestations appeared before encephalopathy. Involvement of the retina (58 of 96, 60.4%), optic nerve (9 of 96, 9.3%), or cerebral cortex (29 of 96, 30.2%) was responsible for vision loss. T2\/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parieto-occipital hyperintensities were the most frequent (71.4%) neuroimaging abnormality. Retinal biopsy revealed similar findings revealed by brain histopathology. All patients died and became akinetic mute during the follow-up period, which ranged from a few weeks to a few years. In conclusion, retinal involvement was the most common cause of vision loss. Vision loss often precedes encephalopathy. Cortical vision loss was associated invariably with T2\/FLAIR MRI hyperintensities in the parieto-occipital region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T20:00:22Z","timestamp":1683662422000},"page":"1272-1276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vision Loss in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Ravindra Kumar","family":"Garg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akshaya Anand","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imran","family":"Rizvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Med Virol","first-page":"e2058","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis","volume":"29","author":"Garg","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","author":"Garg","year":"2022"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"179","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: current status","volume":"3","author":"Dyken","year":"1985"},{"key":"b4","year":"2017"},{"key":"b5","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Trends Microbiol","first-page":"164","article-title":"New insights into measles virus brain infections","volume":"27","author":"Watanabe","year":"2019"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Gen Virol","first-page":"001682","article-title":"M protein of the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus, synergistically with the F protein, plays a crucial role in viral neuropathogenic","volume":"102","author":"Satoh","year":"2021"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"533","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as viral retinitis: clinical and histopathologic findings","volume":"123","author":"Park","year":"1997"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol","first-page":"983","article-title":"Optic neuritis and rapidly progressive necrotizing retinitis as the initial signs of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a case report with clinical and histopathologic findings","volume":"34","author":"Oray","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis presenting with macular necrotizing retinitis: a case report","author":"Cam","year":"2022"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect","first-page":"2","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis manifesting as Bell\u2019s palsy and bilateral macular necrotizing retinitis: an atypical presenting feature","volume":"11","author":"Paul","year":"2021"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"1120","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis","volume":"21","author":"Petzold","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1491","article-title":"Retinitis as the presenting feature of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in an Indian male: a case report","volume":"66","author":"Shah","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Eye Vis (Lond)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ophthalmic examination as a means to diagnose subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an optical coherence tomography and ultrawide field imaging evaluation","volume":"4","author":"Tripathy","year":"2017"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep","first-page":"235","article-title":"New aspects of viral necrotizing retinitis in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography","volume":"6","author":"Baillif","year":"2012"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Neuropathol","first-page":"110","article-title":"Adult-onset subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: clinico-pathological findings in 2 new cases","volume":"22","author":"Ortega-Aznar","year":"2003"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"211","article-title":"Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Correlation of clinical, neurophysiologic and neuropathologic findings","volume":"24","author":"Oya","year":"1974"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1272.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1272.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1272.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]],"date-time":"2023-06-07T13:37:16Z","timestamp":1686145036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/108\/6\/article-p1272.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,7]]}}}