{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T22:46:31Z","timestamp":1778021191365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Leptospirosis is presumably an important cause of non-malarial fever in West Africa. In this study, outpatients consulting in primary care clinics during the rainy season were tested for leptospirosis, and clinical characteristics associated with leptospirosis cases were explored. Patients with fever \u2265 39\u00b0C were recruited in nine primary health care centers in Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Diagnosis of malaria was ruled out using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT; SD Bioline Malaria<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>). Leptospirosis cases were defined as patients who tested positive for <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgM (Leptocheck-WB RDT and <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgM ELISA assay, Panbio) or DNA in plasma (LipL32 polymerase chain reaction [PCR]). Among 350 patients, 202 tested positive for malaria and were excluded, and 148 met the eligibility criteria and were included. Among these, 26 subjects were considered to be leptospirosis cases: 23 tested positive for <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> IgM (15.5%) and three tested positive by PCR (2.2%). Headaches, abdominal symptoms, and myalgia were frequently reported without any difference between leptospirosis cases and negative cases. Cough was more frequently observed among subjects testing positive for leptospirosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). Water exposure, presence of a skin injury, and walking barefoot were associated with a <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>-positive test. All leptospirosis cases recovered without sequelae. A significant portion of outpatients with non-malarial febrile illness during the rainy season in Burkina Faso had epidemiological factors associated with leptospirosis and tested positive for <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic>. The favorable outcome of leptospirosis cases was reassuring; this could be due in particular to the young age of the patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,27]],"date-time":"2023-11-27T18:09:36Z","timestamp":1701108576000},"page":"127-132","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leptospirosis Cases among Outpatients with Non-Malaria Fever Attending Primary Care Clinics during the Rainy Season in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Zida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dramane","family":"Kania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karine","family":"Bollor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University Montpellier, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 Et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, \u00c9tablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, Antilles University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ouss\u00e9ni","family":"Bandaogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Pisoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University Montpellier, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 Et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, \u00c9tablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, Antilles University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amadou","family":"Dicko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bachirou","family":"Tinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Traor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de Sant\u00e9 Publique, Centre MURAZ, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Van de Perre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University Montpellier, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 Et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, \u00c9tablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, Antilles University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henri Gautier","family":"Ou\u00e9draogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Sant\u00e9, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Tuaillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogenesis and Control of Chronic and Emerging Infections, University Montpellier, Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 Et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, \u00c9tablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang, Antilles University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"J Trop Med 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