{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:29:13Z","timestamp":1780514953464,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Phthirus pubis<\/jats:italic> infestation is a highly infectious parasitic disease, affecting 1.3\u20134.6% of people globally. However, the coinfestation of <jats:italic>P. pubis<\/jats:italic> on the eyelashes and scalp hairs in children is uncommon, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis have not been fully studied. In this retrospective study, we report five pediatric patients diagnosed with eyelash and scalp coinfestation of <jats:italic>P. pubis<\/jats:italic>. The samples were obtained after treatment and sent for pathological examination. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants were analyzed in detail. Numerous lice and nits were detectable on the eyelashes and scalp hairs in all enrolled patients. The ages ranged from 2 to 5 years. The duration of onset ranged from 3 to 10 days. The common clinical presentations were itching (100%) and conjunctivitis (60%). Treatment included eyelash and scalp hair trimming to the root (100%) and mechanical removal of the parasites (100%), in addition to topical tobramycin eye ointment (100%) and phenothrin shampoo (80%). Symptoms resolved by a 1-week follow-up. Pediatric <jats:italic>P. pubis<\/jats:italic> coinfestation mainly occurs on the eyelashes and temporal scalp in females, and sometimes contact tracing fails to identify the source. <jats:italic>Phthirus pubis<\/jats:italic> infestation of eyelashes can be misdiagnosed as blepharoconjunctivitis. Sexually transmitted diseases should be ruled out for patients with <jats:italic>P. pubis<\/jats:italic> infestation. Untreated or persistent cases may lead to several serious infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T14:04:51Z","timestamp":1690812291000},"page":"686-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Pediatric Phthirus pubis Coinfestation of the Eyelashes and Scalp Hairs"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Bangtao","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang\u2019an","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Lishui People\u2019s Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Sex Transm Dis","first-page":"292","article-title":"Phthirus pubis in a sexually transmitted diseases unit: a study of 14 years","volume":"30","author":"Varela","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Sex Transm Dis","first-page":"331","article-title":"Phthirus pubis as a predictor for Chlamydia infections in adolescents","volume":"29","author":"Pierzchalski","year":"2002"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"e070166","article-title":"Persistent itching of the eyelids and scalp","volume":"378","author":"Yao","year":"2022"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Pediatr Dermatol","first-page":"356","article-title":"Phthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes and scalp hairs in a girl","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda","year":"2003"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Korean J Parasitol","first-page":"487","article-title":"Phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"56","author":"Veraldi","year":"2018"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Surv Ophthalmol","first-page":"161","article-title":"Ocular parasitoses: a 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pthiriasis palpebrarum","volume":"18","author":"Vaitheeswaran","year":"2014"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Int J Infect Dis","first-page":"511","article-title":"Phthiriasis palpebrarum, thelaziasis, and ophthalmomyiasis","volume":"96","author":"Luo","year":"2020"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"E187","article-title":"Infestation of the eyelashes with Phthirus pubis","volume":"182","author":"Ma","year":"2010"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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