{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T06:47:32Z","timestamp":1785653252229,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Large-scale impact assessments of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) programs are essential for determining the frequency of mass drug administration (MDA). In baseline surveys, the prevalence of STHs in the Indian States of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh was 80.2% in 2015 and 29.0% in 2016, respectively. In 2018, we estimated the prevalence and intensity of STHs after six rounds of biannual MDA in Chhattisgarh and annual MDA in Himachal Pradesh. We conducted multistage cluster sampling surveys in preschool-age children (PSAC), school-age children (SAC), and adolescent cohorts. Stool samples from 3,033 respondents (PSAC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009625; SAC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091,363; adolescents, <jats:italic>n\u2009=\u2009<\/jats:italic>1,045) in Chhattisgarh and 942 respondents (PSAC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009192; SAC, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009388; adolescents, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009362) in Himachal Pradesh were examined for presence of STH infection using the Kato-Katz method. The overall cluster-adjusted prevalence in Chhattisgarh was 11.6% among all age groups (95% CI, 5.6\u201322.4)\u2014an 85.5% reduction in the prevalence since 2015. Prevalence was not significantly different across cohorts (PSAC, 11.0% [95% CI, 5.0\u201322.6]; SAC, 10.9% [95% CI, 5.2\u201321.6]; adolescents, 12.8% [95% CI, 6.2\u201324.5]). <jats:italic>Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic> was the most common helminth, with most infections of light intensity. In Himachal Pradesh, only three STH infections were detected in 2018, resulting in a cluster-adjusted prevalence of 0.3% (95% CI, 0.1\u20131.7)\u2014a 99.0% reduction in prevalence since 2016. All infections were of light intensity. Both states showed substantial improvements in socioeconomic and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) indicators since the baseline surveys. Extensive reductions in prevalence and intensity are linked to sustained, high deworming coverage, as well as socioeconomic WASH indicators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T14:57:28Z","timestamp":1692629848000},"page":"820-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Low Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Children in the States of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh, India, 2018"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Suzy J.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devika","family":"Shanmugasundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandipan","family":"Ganguly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Sehgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumallya","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prerna","family":"Sanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Model Resource Services Private Limited, Kolkata, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah Nirmala","family":"Stephen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Model Resource Services Private Limited, Kolkata, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hargobinder","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya, South Africa;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Minnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srabani","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrabanti","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald A.","family":"Bundy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunjan","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deworm the World Initiative, Evidence Action, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemang","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Investment Fund Foundation, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudharsunam","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Investment Fund Foundation, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanta","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Khera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Murhekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Medical Research\u2013National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","year":"2012"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1521","article-title":"Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm","volume":"367","author":"Bethony","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Adv Parasitol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(05)62007-6","article-title":"Global epidemiology, ecology and control of soil-transmitted helminth infections","volume":"62","author":"Brooker","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"J Parasitol Res","first-page":"8885734","article-title":"The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and associated risk factors among school children at Sekela Primary School, western Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Tolera","year":"2020"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"289","article-title":"Optimisation of mass chemotherapy to control 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