{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:18:06Z","timestamp":1772255886896,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    India has one of the highest estimated burdens of enteric fever globally. Prior to the implementation of Typbar-TCV typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in a public sector pediatric immunization campaign in Navi Mumbai, India, we conducted a retrospective review of blood culture-confirmed cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers to estimate the local burden of disease. This review included all blood cultures processed at a central microbiology laboratory, serving multiple hospitals, in Navi Mumbai (January 2014\u2013May 2018) that tested positive for either\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi or\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    Paratyphi A. Of 40,670 blood cultures analyzed, 1,309 (3.2%) were positive for\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Typhi (1,201 [92%]) or\n                    <jats:italic>S.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Paratyphi A (108 [8%]). Culture positivity was highest in the last months of the dry season (April\u2013June). Our findings indicate a substantial burden of enteric fever in Navi Mumbai and support the importance of TCV immunization campaigns and improved water, sanitation, and hygiene.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T10:52:40Z","timestamp":1691405560000},"page":"571-574","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Retrospective Review of Blood Culture-Confirmed Cases of Enteric Fever in Navi Mumbai, India: 2014\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Niniya","family":"Jayaprasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Surveillance Project, World Health Organization\u2013Country Office for India, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Borhade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Surveillance Project, World Health Organization\u2013Country Office for India, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"LeBoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kashmira","family":"Date","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shrikrishna","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Joshi\u2019s Central Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Navi Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Shimpi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Public Health Surveillance Project, World Health Organization\u2013Country Office for India, New Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Luby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seth A.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"369","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"19","year":"2019"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0204805","article-title":"Community level antibiotic utilization in India and its comparison vis-\u00e0-vis European countries: evidence from pharmaceutical sales data","volume":"13","author":"Farooqui","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Int J Med Microbiol","first-page":"28","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtypes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Kolkata, India over a 15 years period 1998\u20132012","volume":"307","author":"Das","year":"2017"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"214","article-title":"Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 \u2013 recommendations","volume":"37","year":"2019"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"S172","article-title":"Decision making and implementation of the first public sector introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine \u2013 Navi Mumbai, India, 2018","volume":"71","author":"Date","year":"2020"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis","first-page":"5","article-title":"Enteric fever in children from Navi Mumbai \u2013 clinical profile, hematological features, sensitivity patterns and response to antimicrobials","volume":"2","author":"Gavhane","year":"2010"},{"key":"b7","year":"2018"},{"key":"b8","year":"2022"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S255","article-title":"The relationship between blood sample volume and diagnostic sensitivity of blood culture for typhoid and paratyphoid fever: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Antillon","year":"2018"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S484","article-title":"Factors predicting blood culture positivity in children with enteric fever","volume":"224","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2021"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S206","article-title":"A retrospective review of hospital-based data on enteric fever in India, 2014\u20132015","volume":"218","author":"Sur","year":"2018"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"34","article-title":"Longitudinal typhoid fever trends in India from 2000 to 2015","volume":"99","author":"Balaji","year":"2018"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"S188","article-title":"Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP): an overview and lessons learned","volume":"218","author":"Barkume","year":"2018"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"6870","article-title":"Seasonal dynamics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"8","author":"Saad","year":"2018"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2607","article-title":"Risk factors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"291","author":"Vollaard","year":"2004"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Adv Water Resour","first-page":"357","article-title":"Seasonality in cholera dynamics: a rainfall-driven model explains the wide range of patterns in endemic areas","volume":"108","author":"Baracchini","year":"2017"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e978","article-title":"Incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan: results of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project","volume":"10","author":"Garrett","year":"2022"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Bull World Health Organ","first-page":"346","article-title":"The global burden of typhoid fever","volume":"82","author":"Crump","year":"2004"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1369","article-title":"Using hospital-based studies of community-onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence","volume":"24","author":"Marchello","year":"2019"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/3\/article-p571.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T09:36:23Z","timestamp":1693992983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/3\/article-p571.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0102","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.05.27.23290637","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}}}