{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:45:15Z","timestamp":1777077915793,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In East Asia, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) and scrub typhus, which are common endemic tick- and mite-mediated diseases sharing common clinical manifestations, are becoming public health concerns. However, there are limited data on the comparative immunopathogenesis between the two diseases. We compared the cytokine profiles of SFTS and scrub typhus to further elucidate immune responses that occur during the disease courses. We prospectively enrolled 44 patients with confirmed SFTS and 49 patients with scrub typhus from July 2015 to December 2020. In addition, 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled as healthy controls. A cytometric bead array was used to analyze plasma samples for 16 cytokines. A total of 68 plasma samples, including 31 (45.6%) from patients with SFTS and 37 (54.4%) from patients with scrub typhus, were available for cytokine measurement. There were three cytokine expression patterns: increased levels in both SFTS and scrub typhus (interleukin 6 [IL-6], IL-10, interferon gamma induced protein 10 [IP-10], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), highest levels in SFTS (interferon alpha [IFN-\u03b1], IFN-\u03b3, granulocyte-CSF [G-CSF], monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b1 [MIP-1\u03b1], and IL-8), and distinct levels in scrub typhus (IL-12p40, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF\u03b1], IL-1\u03b2, regulated on activation and normally T-cell expressed and secreted [RANTES], IL-17A, and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Although patients with acute SFTS and scrub typhus exhibited partly shared expression patterns of cytokines related to disease severity, the different profiles of cytokines and chemokines might contribute to higher mortality in SFTS than in scrub typhus. Discrete patterns of helper T cell-related cytokines and VEGF might reflect differences in CD4 T-cell responses and vascular damage between these diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T15:06:49Z","timestamp":1698678409000},"page":"1311-1318","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Acute Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Scrub Typhus in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Ji-Soo","family":"Kwon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun In","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Yeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hye Hee","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taeeun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Se Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong Yeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seong-Ho","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-Won","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Han","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"763","article-title":"Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, an emerging tick-borne zoonosis","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis","first-page":"429","article-title":"Scrub typhus and tropical 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