{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T22:26:00Z","timestamp":1781821560496,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In 1988, the WHO launched the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative with the goal of eradication by 2000. Not only has this goal, which has been repeatedly postponed, still not been achieved, but while the wild polio virus is still endemic in two Asian countries, a new epidemic caused by a vaccine-derived virus is spreading and is now affecting numerous developing and industrialized countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In addition to biological explanations for the failure of eradication, vaccination refusal by communities in mainly two regions of Africa and Asia has prevented mass vaccination campaigns from achieving their immunization coverage targets. The way these campaigns have been deployed has contributed to mistrust and hostility. The negative reactions of some communities, expressed from the first vaccination campaigns, were belatedly considered, which gave time for rumors to flourish and settle permanently. This failure underscores the importance of taking into account, before any vaccination campaign begins, the \u201chealth culture\u201d of target populations\u2014meaning their representations of the vaccines and the health authorities that promote vaccination, as well as their knowledge, fears, and hopes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T13:56:41Z","timestamp":1684159001000},"page":"6-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vaccine Refusal: A Major, Underestimated Obstacle for the Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Bernard","family":"Seytre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"bnscommunication, Lom\u00e9, Togo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Overcoming challenges en route to polio eradication","volume":"400","author":"O\u2019Leary","year":"2022"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e1172","article-title":"Polio eradication at the crossroads","volume":"9","author":"Chumakov","year":"2021"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Risk Anal","first-page":"1441","article-title":"Risk management in a polio-free world","volume":"26","author":"Aylward","year":"2006"},{"key":"b4","year":"2021"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Med","first-page":"e73","article-title":"What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign?","volume":"4","author":"Jegede","year":"2007"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Soc Sci Med","first-page":"1857","article-title":"Perspectives on polio and immunization in northern Nigeria","volume":"63","author":"Renne","year":"2006"},{"key":"b7","year":"2013"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"1807","article-title":"Lessons learned from the polio eradication initiative in the Democratic Republic of 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years","volume":"15","author":"SteelFisher","year":"2015"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in the United States: 1973 through 1984","volume":"257","author":"Nkowane","year":"1987"},{"key":"b18","year":"2022"},{"key":"b19","year":"2023"},{"key":"b20","year":"2016"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Science","first-page":"1150","article-title":"New strategies for the elimination of polio from India","volume":"314","author":"Grassly","year":"2006"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Polio eradication, cessation of vaccination and re-emergence of disease","volume":"2","author":"Minor","year":"2004"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"284","article-title":"Risk factors for the spread of vaccine-derived type 2 polioviruses after global withdrawal of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and the effects of outbreak responses with monovalent vaccine: a retrospective analysis of surveillance data for 51 countries in Africa","volume":"22","author":"Cooper","year":"2022"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"EClinicalMedicine","first-page":"101508","article-title":"Global epidemiology of vaccine-derived poliovirus 2016\u20132021: a descriptive analysis and retrospective case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Lai","year":"2022"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"JAMA","article-title":"Public health response to influenza A(H1N1) as an opportunity to build public trust","volume":"303","author":"Larson","year":"2010"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Stud Fam Plann","first-page":"127","article-title":"Perceptions of population policy, development, and family planning programs in northern Nigeria","volume":"27","author":"Renne","year":"1996"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Fourth Meeting of the Global Technical Consultative Group for Poliomyelitis Eradication, June 1\u20132, 1999","year":"1999"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Communication for Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization","year":"2002"},{"key":"b29","year":"2013"},{"key":"b30","year":"2011"},{"key":"b31","year":"2014"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Vaccines (Basel)","first-page":"70","article-title":"Vaccine hesitancy and perceptions of the community about polio in high-risk areas of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan","volume":"11","author":"Abbasi","year":"2023"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"BMC Public Health","first-page":"80","article-title":"Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models","volume":"12","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and 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