{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:00:06Z","timestamp":1777482006475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a leading cause of disability due to infectious disease worldwide. The Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) is the only remaining focus of LF in Brazil, where the parasite <jats:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti<\/jats:italic> is transmitted solely by the mosquito <jats:italic>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic>. This study reports the results of transmission assessment surveys and molecular xenomonitoring in the city of Olinda, RMR, after nearly 15\u2009years (2015\u20132016) of interventions for LF elimination. Participants were screened for <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> antigen via immunochromatographic card tests (ICT) in: 1) door-to-door surveys conducted for all children aged 5\u20137\u2009years from 4 out of 17 intervention areas treated with at least five annual doses of mass drug administration (MDA), and 2) a two-stage cluster sampling survey of residents aged 5\u2009years and older in non-MDA areas. Mosquitoes were collected via handheld aspirators in four MDA areas, differentiated by species, sex, and physiological status, pooled into groups of up to 10 blood-fed, semigravid, and gravid mosquitoes, and screened for <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> infection by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). All 1,170 children from MDA areas and the entire population sample of 990 residents in non-MDA areas were ICT negative. In MDA areas, a total of 3,152 female <jats:italic>C<jats:sc>x<\/jats:sc>. quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> mosquitoes in 277 households (range, 0\u2013296 mosquitoes per house) were collected via aspiration. RT-qPCR of 233 pools of mosquitos were negative for <jats:italic>W. bancrofti<\/jats:italic> RNA; an independent reference laboratory confirmed these results. These results provide evidence that LF transmission has been halted in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T20:51:28Z","timestamp":1707857488000},"page":"470-482","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Postintervention Immunological and Entomological Survey of Lymphatic Filariasis in the City of Olinda, Brazil, 2015\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Ramesh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil;"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Service for Lymphatic Filariasis, Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscila M. S.","family":"Castanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Science, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil;"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Lenhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Impoinvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neal","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulma","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Service for Lymphatic Filariasis, Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ, Recife, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wayner V.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collective Health Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/FIOCRUZ;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia","family":"Maciel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Instituto Aggeu Magalh\u00e3es\/Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"497","article-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2020","volume":"91","year":"2021"},{"key":"b2","year":"2022"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1871","article-title":"Advancing toward the elimination of lymphatic filariasis","volume":"379","author":"Molyneux","year":"2018"},{"key":"b4","year":"2017"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Int Health","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Progress towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Americas region","volume":"13","author":"Fontes","year":"2021"},{"key":"b6","year":"2021"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"513","article-title":"Global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report, 2021","volume":"97","year":"2022"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Lancet Glob 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