{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T01:15:08Z","timestamp":1752282908447,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Respiratory infections, mainly due to viruses, are among the leading causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. We investigated the prevalence of viruses and bacteria in a cross-sectional survey conducted in Dielmo, a village in rural Senegal with a population of 481 inhabitants. Nasopharyngeal sampling was performed in 50 symptomatic subjects and 101 asymptomatic subjects. Symptomatic subjects were defined as individuals presenting with clinical signs of respiratory infection, whereas asymptomatic subjects were recruited in the same households. The identification of pathogens was performed by polymerase chain reaction for 18 respiratory viruses and eight respiratory bacteria. The prevalence results for respiratory viruses detected in each study group demonstrated that 83.6% of symptomatic samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus, and 21.8% were detected in asymptomatic samples. Influenza A (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001), metapneumovirus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.04), and enterovirus (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) were significantly more prevalent in symptomatic patients. Overall, 82.0% of symptomatic subjects and 26.9% of asymptomatic subjects were positive for at least one respiratory bacterium. The most frequent pathogenic bacteria detected were <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic> (56%) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> (48.0%) among symptomatic individuals, whereas in asymptomatic subjects <jats:italic>Corynebacterium propinquum<\/jats:italic> was more prevalent (18%). A principal component analysis showed that parainfluenzas 2 and 4 were associated with asymptomatic subjects, whereas influenza A was associated with the presence of symptoms. Considering these results, a large epidemiological surveillance of the circulation of these respiratory pathogens in the general population should be conducted to provide a better understanding of their carriage and to potentially prevent epidemics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T19:56:48Z","timestamp":1702929408000},"page":"391-398","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Influence of Microbiota on Clinical Expressions of Respiratory Viral Infections"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Fatou Samba","family":"Diouf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tidjani Alou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Million","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georges","family":"Diatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ndiaw","family":"Goumballa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"},{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Service de sant\u00e9 des arm\u00e9es, Vecteurs \u2013 Infections Tropicales et M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dame","family":"Ndiaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hubert","family":"Bassene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Dubourg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Raoult","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheikh","family":"Sokhna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal;"},{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Lagier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement, Assistance Publique - H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, Microbes, \u00c9volution, Phylog\u00e9nie et Infection, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e-Infection, Marseille, France;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"PLoS Pathog","first-page":"e1003057","article-title":"Viral and bacterial interactions in the upper respiratory tract","volume":"9","author":"Bosch","year":"2013"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Braz J Microbiol","first-page":"1729","article-title":"Circulation profile of respiratory viruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children from midwest Brazil","volume":"51","author":"Castro","year":"2020"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"J Med Virol","first-page":"1874","article-title":"Etiology, seasonality, and clinical characterization of viral respiratory infections among hospitalized children in Beirut, Lebanon","volume":"88","author":"Finianos","year":"2016"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther","first-page":"437","article-title":"Relationship between nasopharyngeal microbiota and patient\u2019s susceptibility to viral 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