{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T07:50:38Z","timestamp":1780991438296,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]],"date-time":"2024-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\nClassification of mosquitoes with overlapping features remains problematic when using traditional morphological identification alone. In this study, we used molecular methods to elucidate the taxonomic status of Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>, Culex annulus<\/jats:italic>, and Culex pseudovishnui<\/jats:italic> species as vectors of the Japanese encephalitis virus belonging to the Culex vishnui<\/jats:italic> subgroup and gene flow among them. In this study, 76, 59, and 3 samples of Cx. annulus<\/jats:italic>, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>, and Cx. pseudovishnui<\/jats:italic>, respectively, were collected around Taiwan. Phylogenetic analysis and genetic divergence were based on genomic sequence variations in ribosomal DNA and the internal transcribed spacer (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). Our results revealed that Cx. annulus<\/jats:italic> and Cx. vishnui<\/jats:italic> are genetically similar and share a gene pool among the species from Taiwan and other Asian countries. However, two hidden taxa of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>, which clustered together according to the rDNA sequences, were discovered based on the COI sequences. In addition, Cx. pseudovishnui<\/jats:italic> has different gene pools from those of the strains from other countries, implying that the population from Taiwan is probably either a unique strain or a sibling species. This study provides molecular information on the taxonomic status of the species in the Cx. vishnui<\/jats:italic> subgroup in Taiwan and gene flow between these species, providing valuable information for vector control operations and the delineation of the evolutionary process.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T14:37:54Z","timestamp":1725979074000},"page":"988-999","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Molecular Identification of Species Belonging to Culex vishnui Subgroup (Diptera: Culicidae), Vectors of Japanese Encephalitis Virus, in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Han-Hsuan","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien-Huang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshio","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwa-Jen","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiu-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Diagnostic and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pictorial Keys to the Mosquitoes of Taiwan","author":"Lien","year":"2004"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Epidemiol Bull","first-page":"202","article-title":"Surveys on Japanese encephalitis vectors in Taiwan area during 2004\u20132008","volume":"26","author":"Lin","year":"2010"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Mosquitoes of the World","author":"Wilkerson","year":"2021"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Pac Insects","first-page":"615","article-title":"Non-anopheline mosquitoes of Taiwan: Annotated catalog and bibliography","volume":"4","author":"Lien","year":"1962"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"The 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