{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T04:06:54Z","timestamp":1745035614686,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Noma (cancrum oris) is an orofacial gangrene affecting young children living in extreme poverty. The acute morbidity is high, and survivors suffer from physical and social sequelae. When diagnosed early, noma can be cured. Noma is especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, where traditional medicine is the norm. The aim of this work was to provide 1-day training to traditional healers in Burkina Faso and to evaluate change in knowledge of noma across time. A sample of 78 healers who attended the training were asked to complete the same questionnaire before, immediately after, and 8 months after the training. A total of 66 healers completed the entire study. Before training, more than 40% of the participants did not know any of its key messages. Most of the key messages were acquired and still present after 8 months by a large proportion of the participants. Systematic intraoral examination was practiced by 7 (9.0%) of the traditional healers before training, and 43 (65.2%) reported doing so 8 months after training. The key messages aiming to improve early diagnosis as well as rapid and adequate treatment (the recognition of facilitating factors and the need to perform a systematic oral examination and to advise hospital transfer) have been well integrated. The study suggests that organizing a self-managed training program is feasible when done within an association, as was the case here, and owing to the willingness to collaborate shown by the traditional healers who participated in our study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T14:16:24Z","timestamp":1703686584000},"page":"303-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Implementation and Evaluation of a Training Program for Traditional Healers to Improve Knowledge of Noma (Cancrum Oris) in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Denise","family":"Baratti-Mayer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de sant\u00e9 de l\u2019enfance et de la jeunesse, D\u00e9partement de l\u2019instruction publique, de la formation et de la jeunesse, Geneva, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilien","family":"Jeannot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;"},{"name":"Service of Addiction Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"613","article-title":"Facing Africa: describing noma in Ethiopia","volume":"103","author":"Rickart","year":"2020"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"909","article-title":"Epidemiology of the incidence of oro-facial noma: a study of cases in Dakar, Senegal, 1981\u20131993","volume":"61","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1999"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Oral Dis","first-page":"172","article-title":"The World Health Organization initiative on noma","volume":"5","author":"Bourgeois","year":"1999"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Lao Noma survivors: a case series, 2002\u20132020","volume":"106","author":"Srour","year":"2022"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"539","article-title":"Noma in Laos: stigma of severe poverty in rural Asia","volume":"78","author":"Srour","year":"2008"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1111","article-title":"The need for action against oro-facial gangrene (noma)","volume":"2","author":"Barmes","year":"1997"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Damianus J Med","first-page":"86","article-title":"A 3-year old boy from Koroway tribe with Noma and malnutrition","volume":"21","author":"Pranoto","year":"2022"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","first-page":"419","article-title":"Noma: an \u201cinfectious\u201d disease of unknown aetiology","volume":"3","author":"Baratti-Mayer","year":"2003"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"147","article-title":"Noma (cancrum oris)","volume":"368","author":"Enwonwu","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"65","article-title":"Temporal relationship between the occurrence of fresh noma and the timing of linear growth retardation in Nigerian children","volume":"10","author":"Enwonwu","year":"2005"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Model of care, Noma Children\u2019s Hospital, northwest Nigeria","volume":"26","author":"Isah","year":"2021"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0010372","article-title":"A retrospective clinical, multi-center cross-sectional study to assess the severity and sequela of Noma\/Cancrum oris in Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Gebretsadik","year":"2022"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"BMC Res Notes","first-page":"162","article-title":"The severity of psychosocial and functional morbidity among facially disfigured untreated noma cases in Ethiopia","volume":"16","author":"Gebretsadik","year":"2023"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Int Health","first-page":"149","article-title":"Noma: neglected, forgotten and a human right issue","volume":"7","author":"Srour","year":"2015"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"119","article-title":"Economic and social costs of noma: design and application of an estimation model to Niger and Burkina Faso","volume":"7","author":"Kabengele Mpinga","year":"2022"},{"year":"2015","series-title":"EMC\u2014Techniques chirurgicales\u2014Chirurgie Plastique, Reconstructrice et Esth\u00e9tique","author":"Pittet","key":"b16"},{"year":"1998","series-title":"Le noma aujourd\u2019hui. Un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique","key":"b17"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Glob Health Action","first-page":"1340253","article-title":"Management of noma: practice competence and knowledge among healthcare workers in a rural district of Zambia","volume":"10","author":"Ahlgren","year":"2017"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Int Health","first-page":"290","article-title":"Noma \u2013 knowledge and practice competence among primary healthcare workers: a cross-sectional study in Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"Brattstr\u00f6m-Stolt","year":"2019"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Nigerian J Dent Res","first-page":"110","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude and practices of health care workers towards noma in a tertiary institution in north-western Nigeria","volume":"7","author":"Bala","year":"2022"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"198","article-title":"A web of science-based bibliometric analysis of global noma publications","volume":"7","author":"Azanedo","year":"2022"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"884","article-title":"Is noma a neglected\/overlooked tropical disease?","volume":"116","author":"Feller","year":"2022"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Trop Med Health","first-page":"40","article-title":"Noma staging: a review","volume":"50","author":"Khammissa","year":"2022"},{"year":"2016","key":"b24"},{"year":"2000","key":"b25"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health","first-page":"4587","article-title":"Sociodemographic characteristics of traditional healers and their knowledge of noma: a descriptive survey in three regions of Mali","volume":"16","author":"Baratti-Mayer","year":"2019"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis","first-page":"142","article-title":"Noma: experiences of survivors, opinion leaders and healthcare professionals in Burkina Faso","volume":"7","author":"Kagon\u00e9","year":"2022"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Odontostomatol Trop","first-page":"21","article-title":"Le noma de l\u2019enfant en milieu hospitalier de Bobo-Dioulasso: aspects \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques, cliniques et prise en charge","volume":"24","author":"Tall","year":"2001"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"939","article-title":"Long-term effects of a randomized maternal education trial in rural Uganda: implications for child oral health","volume":"107","author":"Engh","year":"2022"},{"year":"2022","key":"b30"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"BMJ Glob Health","first-page":"e002141","article-title":"The prevalence of noma in northwest Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"Farley","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p303.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T12:51:15Z","timestamp":1744980675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p303.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0407","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9637"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1476-1645"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]}}}