{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T00:44:48Z","timestamp":1701909888145},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Onchocerciasis has been declared eliminated in Ecuador and surveillance measures are of great interest. In this study, we examined the infectivity rates of <jats:italic>Simulium exiguum<\/jats:italic> by <jats:italic>Onchocerca volvulus<\/jats:italic> in previously hyperendemic areas in Esmeraldas province of Ecuador. These areas had previously undergone mass administration of ivermectin, which led to the interruption of transmission in 2009 and the certification of elimination in 2014. The study included three communities in R\u00edo Cayapas and one in R\u00edo Canand\u00e9, and a total of 2,950 adult <jats:italic>S. exiguum<\/jats:italic> were collected in 2018. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction with <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> O-150 plasmid control DNA to analyze 59 pools. Our findings revealed that the infectivity rates were zero, indicating that the transmission of <jats:italic>O. volvulus<\/jats:italic> remained suspended in the area.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T18:57:19Z","timestamp":1699297039000},"page":"1368-1371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method for the Detection of Onchocerca volvulus in Post-Elimination Surveillance of Onchocerciasis in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Esteban","family":"Salazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Distrito 17D03 Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Febrer-Sendra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Ab\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Quinatoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud P\u00fablica Dr. Leopoldo Izquieta P\u00e9rez, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Muro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"681","article-title":"Progress report on the elimination of human onchocerciasis, 2016\u20132017","volume":"45","year":"2017"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"202","article-title":"Situation analysis of parasitological and entomological indices of onchocerciasis transmission in three drainage basins of the rain forest of South West Cameroon after a decade of ivermectin treatment","volume":"8","author":"Wanji","year":"2015"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"481","article-title":"Progress in eliminating onchocerciasis in the WHO Region of the Americas: advances in reaching the last endemic communities of the South Focus in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela","volume":"97","year":"2022"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"9","article-title":"Impact of long-term treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in Ecuador: potential for elimination of infection","volume":"5","author":"Vieira","year":"2007"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2821","article-title":"Interruption of infection transmission in the onchocerciasis focus of Ecuador leading to the cessation of ivermectin distribution","volume":"8","author":"Lovato","year":"2014"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"265","article-title":"Elimination of onchocerciasis in Ecuador: findings of post-treatment surveillance","volume":"11","author":"Guevara","year":"2018"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"38","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction monitoring of transmission of Onchocerca volvulus in two endemic states in Mexico","volume":"70","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2004"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1569","article-title":"Use of Ov16-based serology for post-elimination surveillance of onchocerciasis in Ecuador","volume":"103","author":"Guevara","year":"2020"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"J Infect Dis","first-page":"216","article-title":"Field applicability of a rapid-format anti-Ov-16 antibody test for the assessment of onchocerciasis control measures in regions of endemicity","volume":"194","author":"Lipner","year":"2006"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Criteria for Certification of Interruption of Transmission\/Elimination of Human Onchocerciasis","year":"2000"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Certification of Elimination of Human Onchocerciasis: Criteria and Procedures","year":"2001"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"722","article-title":"Entomological assessment of Onchocerca species transmission by black flies in selected communities in the West Region of Cameroon","volume":"9","author":"Shintouo","year":"2020"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Simuliidae Neotropical (Diptera: Insecta). Aquatic Biodiversity of Latin America","author":"Coscaron","year":"2007"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0008008","article-title":"Post-elimination surveillance in formerly onchocerciasis endemic focus in southern Mexico","volume":"30","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Santos","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/6\/article-p1368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/6\/article-p1368.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/6\/article-p1368.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]],"date-time":"2023-12-06T15:45:34Z","timestamp":1701877534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/109\/6\/article-p1368.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0435","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,6]]}}}