{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T15:40:15Z","timestamp":1733326815768,"version":"3.30.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Chronic mastitis varies in etiology between its lactational and nonlactational forms and can be challenging to diagnose. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile and diverse etiologies of nonlactational mastitis in Amazonas, Brazil, focusing on distinguishing between tuberculous mastitis (TM) and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). This is a retrospective and prospective study that was carried out at the mastitis outpatient clinic of Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado from 2013 to 2021 and evaluated epidemiological data, imaging, and laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics were performed. In this retrospective and prospective analysis, 124 medical records were initially considered, with 12 excluded for various reasons. The remaining 112 cases underwent thorough evaluation through epidemiological data, imaging, and laboratory tests, by employing descriptive statistics for analysis. The pathology revealed a predominant prevalence of IGM (64.3%), followed by various forms of mastitis, including confirmed TM (4.5%), presumable TM (8.9%), and others. Our findings indicate that IGM, though a rare cause of breast masses and abscesses, accounts for a significant portion of mastitis cases. Histopathological studies were essential for diagnosis, with ultrasound being the primary imaging tool. This study is one of the largest Brazilian series on nonlactational mastitis, highlighting the condition\u2019s complexity and diverse manifestations in the Amazon region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T14:54:43Z","timestamp":1727794483000},"page":"1259-1264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nonlactational Mastitis in Western Brazilian Amazon Mastitis Cases"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Michel","family":"de Araujo Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil;"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Cordeiro","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil;"},{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius da Silva","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan Ant\u00f4nio de Lucena","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilka","family":"Fl\u00e1via Barra do Espirito Santos Alv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil;"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone Ferreira de Castro","family":"Botileiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor Costa Morais","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Vin\u00edcius Guimar\u00e3es de Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil;"},{"name":"Instituto Le\u00f4nidas & Maria Deane, Instituto de Pesquisa Cl\u00ednica Carlos Borborema, Manaus, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 Aloisio da Costa","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Tocoginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista J\u00falio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"8","article-title":"Inflammatory diseases of the non-lactating female breasts","volume":"13","author":"Nair","year":"2015"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Radiographics","first-page":"330","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Manifestations at multimodality imaging and pitfalls","volume":"38","author":"Pluguez-Turull","year":"2018"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"d396","article-title":"Treatment of breast 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