{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T10:49:45Z","timestamp":1784544585026,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Zoonotic human infections with <jats:italic>Ancylostoma ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> have recently been reported in the Americas. We used archived human stool samples to study the geographic distribution of human infections with <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> and anthropophilic hookworms in different geoclimatic regions (coastal, Andean, and Amazon) of Ecuador. We analyzed retrospectively archived human stool samples from five studies previously screened for hookworm infection by microscopy, of which four included hookworm-positive samples only and one involved hookworm-negative samples to increase geographic distribution of sampling. Stools were analyzed using multi-parallel quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays to detect <jats:italic>Necator americanus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Ancylostoma duodenale<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum, Ascaris lumbricoides<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Trichuris trichiura<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>. Sequencing was done for the <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum cox1<\/jats:italic> gene. A total of 132 samples were analyzed, of which 69 (52.3%) were from hookworm-positive and 63 (47.7%) from hookworm-negative individuals by microscopy. Overall, 82.6% of microscopy-positive samples and 33.3% of microscopy-negative samples were positive for hookworm by qPCR. Of microscopy-positive samples, 36.2% were <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic>, 37.7% <jats:italic>A. duodenale<\/jats:italic>, and 33.3% <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>, whereas equivalent proportions for microscopy-negative samples were 1.6%, 31.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. <jats:italic>Ancylostoma duodenale<\/jats:italic> was the most widely dispersed geographically, followed by <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>Ancylostoma ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> was least dispersed but was detected in coastal and Amazon regions. In conclusion, human infections with <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum, A. duodenale,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>N. americanus<\/jats:italic> were detected in different geoclimatic regions of Ecuador. Additional studies are required to further define the epidemiology of human <jats:italic>A. ceylanicum<\/jats:italic> infections, but the potentially widespread presence of this helminth in human populations in Ecuador has implications for hookworm control strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T01:59:27Z","timestamp":1706061567000},"page":"460-469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Geographic Distribution of Human Infections with Zoonotic Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Anthropophilic Hookworms in Ecuador: A Retrospective Analysis of Archived Stool Samples"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Dayana","family":"Aguilar-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Seco-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s University of London, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Romero-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Grups de Recerca d\u2019Am\u00e8rica i \u00c0frica Llatines \u2013 GRAAL, Barcelona, Spain and Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Calvopi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel","family":"Guevara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Balde\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rojelio","family":"Mejia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas B.","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Sears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador;"},{"name":"Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George\u2019s University of London, United 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