{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:11:16Z","timestamp":1792271476359,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current WHO guidelines for onchocerciasis elimination provide requirements for stopping mass drug administration of ivermectin and the verification of elimination of transmission. These guidelines also recommend post-elimination surveillance (PES) based on entomological surveys. Serological markers in humans could complement entomological PES once the longevity of anti\u2013OV-16 antibody responses is better understood. In 2014\u20132015 we evaluated ELISA anti\u2013OV-16 IgG4 antibody persistence among previously seropositive people from the central endemic zone of Guatemala. The country stopped all onchocerciasis program interventions in 2012 and was verified by WHO as having eliminated transmission of onchocerciasis in 2016. A total of 246 participants with prior OV-16 ELISA results from 2003, 2006, 2007, or 2009 were enrolled in a follow-up study. Of these, 77 people were previously OV-16 seropositive and 169 were previously seronegative. By 2014 and 2015, 56 (72.7%) previously seropositive individuals had sero-reverted, whereas all previous negatives remained seronegative. The progression of antibody responses over time was estimated using a mixed-effects linear regression model, using data from seropositive participants who had sero-reverted. The temporal variation showed a mean activity unit decay of 0.20 per year (95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.17, 0.23), corresponding to an estimated antibody response half-life of 3.3\u2009years (95% CrI: 2.7, 4.1). These findings indicate that the majority of seropositive people will sero-revert over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T11:20:51Z","timestamp":1714562451000},"page":"943-950","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in Anti\u2013OV-16 IgG4 Responses to Onchocerciasis after Elimination of Transmission in the Central Endemic Zone of Guatemala"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Vitaliano A.","family":"Cama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Mendizabal-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"de Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics G5 Unit, Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Paris, France;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Circe","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme M.","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoraida","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Onchocerciasis Sub-Program, Ministerio de Salud Publica y Asistencia Social, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Prince-Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Cantey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Center, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nidia","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"633","article-title":"Progress report on the elimination of human onchocerciasis, 2017\u20132018","volume":"47","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"381","article-title":"Progress towards eliminating onchocerciasis in the WHO Region of the Americas: Verification by WHO of elimination of transmission in Colombia","volume":"88","year":"2013"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"401","article-title":"Elimination of onchocerciasis in the WHO Region of the Americas: Ecuador\u2019s progress towards verification of 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nonendemic population: Clinical and immunologic assessment before treatment and at the time of presumed cure","volume":"183","author":"Henry","year":"2001"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e3113","article-title":"Status of onchocerciasis transmission after more than a decade of mass drug administration for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis elimination in central Nigeria: Challenges in coordinating the stop MDA decision","volume":"8","author":"Evans","year":"2014"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"334","article-title":"Elimination of Onchocercia volvulus transmission in the Santa Rosa focus of Guatemala","volume":"77","author":"Lindblade","year":"2007"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"339","article-title":"Serosurveillance to monitor onchocerciasis elimination: The Ugandan experience","volume":"90","author":"Oguttu","year":"2014"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Exp 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Res","first-page":"638429","article-title":"Elimination of Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the Huehuetenango focus of Guatemala","volume":"2012","author":"Cruz-Ortiz","year":"2012"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"15","article-title":"Lack of active Onchocerca volvulus transmission in the northern Chiapas focus of Mexico","volume":"83","author":"Rodriguez-Perez","year":"2010"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"265","article-title":"Elimination of onchocerciasis in Ecuador: Findings of post-treatment surveillance","volume":"11","author":"Guevara","year":"2018"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"237","article-title":"Elimination of onchocerciasis from Colombia: First proof of concept of river blindness elimination in the world","volume":"11","author":"Nicholls","year":"2018"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"51","article-title":"Interruption of Onchocerca volvulus 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