{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T04:18:03Z","timestamp":1783052283891,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Malaria remains a major public health problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and an important force health protection issue for both PNG and Australian Defence Forces. To investigate the malaria burden in the military and civilians residing on military bases, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2019 at three military bases in Wewak, Manus Island, and Vanimo, PNG. A total of 1,041 participants were enrolled; 235 military personnel from three bases and 806 civilians from Wewak and Vanimo. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed an overall high prevalence of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infection in both the military and civilians. Among the military, the infection prevalence was significantly higher in Wewak (35.5%) and Vanimo (33.3%) bases than on Manus Island (11.8%). Among civilians, children (&lt;16\u2009years old) had significantly higher odds of being PCR positive than adults (\u226516\u2009years old). At Wewak and Vanimo, <jats:italic>Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic> accounted for 85.4%, 78.2%, and 66.2% of infections in military, children, and adult populations. Overall, 87.3%, 41.3%, and 61.3% of <jats:italic>Plasmodium<\/jats:italic> infections in the military, children, and adults, respectively, were detected only by PCR, not by microscopy (submicroscopic [SM] infections). Children had a significantly lower proportion of SM infections than adults and Papua New Guinea Defence Force personnel. Infection status was not associated with hemoglobin levels in these populations at the time of the survey. Mutant <jats:italic>kelch13<\/jats:italic> (C580Y) parasites were identified in 5\/68 <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\u2013infected individuals. The survey results indicate extensive malaria transmission on these bases, especially in Wewak and Vanimo. More intensified interventions are required to reduce malaria transmission on PNG military bases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T22:04:25Z","timestamp":1708466665000},"page":"639-647","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Burden of Submicroscopic Plasmodium Infections and Detection of kelch13 Mutant Parasites in Military and Civilian Populations in Papua New Guinea"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Pickering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivor","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"McCallum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kaminiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Papua New Guinea Defence Force Health Service, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyson","family":"Auliff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Trends Parasitol","first-page":"253","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in Papua New Guinea","volume":"19","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2003"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trop Med Int Health","first-page":"1181","article-title":"Epidemiology of malaria in the Papua New Guinean highlands","volume":"17","author":"Betuela","year":"2012"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Med J Aust","first-page":"749","article-title":"The malaria problem in Australia and the Australian Pacific territories","volume":"1","author":"Ford","year":"1950"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Oceania","first-page":"136","article-title":"The epidemiology of malaria in the 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