{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:37:42Z","timestamp":1787773062861,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Strongyloidiasis, caused by <jats:italic>Strongyloides stercoralis<\/jats:italic>, is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution. The infection can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals, and accurate diagnosis leading to timely treatment can save lives. Serodiagnosis is a sensitive method for diagnosis and is recommended for screening high-risk individuals. A point-of-care rapid test will facilitate the screening activities, especially in low-resource settings. This study aims to apply a new IgG4 immunochromatographic test using <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> recombinant antigen (SsRapid<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> cassette test) and to compare it with in-house IgG and IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs) using native <jats:italic>Strongyloides ratti<\/jats:italic> antigen to investigate the epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in northeast Thailand. A total of 300 people participated, with 136 males and 164 females of a similar mean age. The reference tests were fecal examinations using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique and an agar plate culture technique. The prevalence of <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic> determined by SsRapid (81.7%) was significantly higher than that by fecal examinations (43.3%) or by antibody detection by IgG-ELISA (53.0%) or IgG4-ELISA (44.0%). The diagnostic sensitivities of SsRapid, IgG-ELISA, and IgG4-ELISA were found to be 93.9%, 77.7%, and 63.1%, respectively. The rate of positive tests by the SsRapid was significantly correlated to the levels of <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>-specific IgG4 and IgG antibodies. By all diagnostic methods, male participants had a significantly higher prevalence of strongyloidiasis than females. Age was significantly associated with the concentration of specific serum IgG but not with the SsRapid grading score. In conclusion, SsRapid was shown to be a sensitive and valuable diagnostic test for the epidemiology study of strongyloidiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T16:36:16Z","timestamp":1704731776000},"page":"254-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Examination of Diagnostic Performance of New IgG4 Rapid Test Compared with IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs to Investigate Epidemiology of Strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Phattharaphon","family":"Wongphutorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Science Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahmah","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;"},{"name":"Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nor Suhada","family":"Anuar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanika","family":"Worasith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kulthida Y.","family":"Kopolrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chutima","family":"Homwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patcharaporn","family":"Tippayawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anchalee","family":"Techasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Opal","family":"Pitaksakurat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiraporn","family":"Sithithaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chatanun","family":"Eamudomkarn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paiboon","family":"Sithithaworn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Pathogens","first-page":"468","article-title":"The global prevalence of 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Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p254.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T12:51:10Z","timestamp":1744980670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/2\/article-p254.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0518","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]]}}}