{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T10:53:39Z","timestamp":1768560819548,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The incidence and geographic distribution of dengue has increased dramatically in recent years across various parts of the world. Previously, ocular findings in dengue fever were considered rare. We report a spectrum of ocular manifestations presenting with vision loss in the last dengue epidemic in an eastern state of India. This is a retrospective interventional case series of patients with vision loss who were diagnosed with dengue eye disease in the 2022 epidemic. Systemic and ophthalmic examinations were completed on all patients and were analyzed. Fifteen patients had presented with vision loss. The mean age was 41.7 \u00b1 10.8 years, and patients were mostly males. Three patients presented with panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis. Eight patients were diagnosed with optic neuropathy. Four patients had macular involvement: macular chorioretinitis, macular subhyaloid hemorrhage, and macular hemorrhages in two patients. All patients with optic neuropathy gave a history of mild fever and had remained undiagnosed. The rest had been diagnosed with the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever. Vision recovered partially or fully in patients with optic neuropathy and macular disease. No eye could be salvaged in any panophthalmitis patients. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count &lt;100 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> per liter of blood) was significantly associated with ocular hemorrhage and panophthalmitis, but thrombocytopenia was not significantly seen in optic neuropathy. We conclude that optic neuropathy may be an underreported cause of vision loss in dengue fever. An eye examination is advocated in all patients with dengue eye disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T14:53:35Z","timestamp":1714661615000},"page":"1172-1177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Causes of Vision Loss Associated with Dengue Fever in Bihar, India \u2013 A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Ambasta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakhi","family":"Kusumesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mobashir","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gyan","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sinha","family":"Akanksha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varuni","family":"Pragya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Mysore, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Parasit Vectors","first-page":"77","article-title":"Natural vertical transmission of dengue virus in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus: A systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Ferreira-de-Lima","year":"2018"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 2nd edition","year":"1997"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med","first-page":"90","article-title":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndromes","volume":"12","author":"Ranjit","year":"2011"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Comprehensive Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever","year":"2011"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Can J Ophthalmol","first-page":"741","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of dengue fever in an East Indian epidemic","volume":"41","author":"Kapoor","year":"2006"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Ophthalmol Ther","first-page":"2","article-title":"Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Yip","year":"2012"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"285","article-title":"Ophthalmic complications of dengue","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2006"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"727","article-title":"The resurgence of dengue epidemic and climate change in India","volume":"401","author":"Mondal","year":"2023"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Nat Microbiol","first-page":"1508","article-title":"The current and future global distribution and population at risk of dengue","volume":"4","author":"Messina","year":"2019"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","first-page":"20130552","article-title":"Climate change and vector-borne diseases: What are the implications for public health research and policy?","volume":"370","author":"Campbell-Lendrum","year":"2015"},{"key":"b11"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Laboratory Diagnosis and Diagnostic Tests: Dengue Guidelines for Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control","volume":"93e4","author":"Bucky","year":"2009"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Ophthalmol Ther","first-page":"2","article-title":"Ophthalmic complications of dengue fever: A systematic review","volume":"1","author":"Yip","year":"2012"},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"285","article-title":"Ophthalmic complications of dengue","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2006"},{"key":"b15","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever","volume":"114","author":"Su","year":"2007"},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol","first-page":"500","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of dengue","volume":"30","author":"Somkijrungroj","year":"2019"},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Malays J Ophthalmol","first-page":"46","article-title":"Optic neuritis as the ocular manifestation of dengue infection: A case report","volume":"3","author":"Mahayana","year":"2021"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Med Mal Infect","first-page":"481","article-title":"Optic neuritis after dengue viral infection in the Caribbean","volume":"48","author":"Landais","year":"2018"},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Eye (Lond)","first-page":"722","article-title":"Optic neuropathy associated with dengue fever","volume":"22","author":"Sanjay","year":"2008"},{"key":"b20","series-title":"J Infect Chemother","first-page":"175","article-title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following dengue fever","volume":"8","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2002"},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Dengue Bull","first-page":"184","article-title":"A re-look at ocular complications in dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever","volume":"30","author":"Teoh","year":"2006"},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"501","article-title":"Dengue-associated maculopathy","volume":"125","author":"Bacsal","year":"2007"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol","first-page":"329","article-title":"Case series of ocular involvement due to dengue: First reported cases in Guatemala","volume":"93","author":"Carrillo-Soto","year":"2018"},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res","first-page":"100049","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations in seropositive dengue fever patients during epidemics caused by predominantly different dengue serotypes","volume":"2","author":"Wagle","year":"2022"},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol","first-page":"449","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of dengue infection","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2017"},{"key":"b26","series-title":"BMC Microbiol","first-page":"9","article-title":"Dengue virus type 2: Replication and tropisms in orally infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes","volume":"7","author":"Salazar","year":"2007"},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"667","article-title":"Neurological complications in dengue infection: A review for clinical practice","volume":"71","author":"Puccioni-Sohler","year":"2013"},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Ann Trop Med Public Health","first-page":"217","article-title":"Bilateral panophthalmitis in dengue fever","volume":"8","author":"Sriram","year":"2015"},{"key":"b29","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e11875","article-title":"Dengue fever-associated necrotizing scleritis: A case report with long-term follow-up","volume":"97","author":"Kamoi","year":"2018"},{"key":"b30","series-title":"Kerala J Ophthalmol","first-page":"117","article-title":"Spontaneous globe rupture in dengue: A case series","volume":"30","author":"Jyothi","year":"2018"},{"key":"b31","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever","volume":"67","author":"Arya","year":"2019"},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","first-page":"617","article-title":"Severe ocular and adnexal complications in dengue hemorrhagic fever: A report of 29 eyes","volume":"69","author":"Vijitha","year":"2021"},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Viruses","first-page":"530","article-title":"Ocular manifestations of emerging flaviviruses and the blood-retinal barrier","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2018"},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1775","article-title":"Panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever","volume":"67","author":"Arya","year":"2019"},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Platelet transfusion related panophthalmitis and endophthalmitis in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever","volume":"99","author":"Ramananda","year":"2018"},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol","first-page":"1017","article-title":"Culture-positive unilateral panophthalmitis in a serology-positive case of dengue hemorrhagic fever","volume":"66","author":"Kamal","year":"2018"},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Ophthalmology","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Prevalence of dengue maculopathy in patients hospitalized for dengue fever","volume":"114","author":"Su","year":"2007"},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Retina","first-page":"390","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography patterns as predictors of visual outcome in dengue-related maculopathy","volume":"30","author":"Teoh","year":"2010"},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect","first-page":"14","article-title":"Dengue associated choroiditis: A rare entity","volume":"7","author":"Yadav","year":"2017"},{"key":"b40","series-title":"Ann Saudi Med","first-page":"530","article-title":"Dengue retinochoroiditis","volume":"32","author":"Tabbara","year":"2012"},{"key":"b41","series-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res","first-page":"63","article-title":"Bilateral premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage in dengue fever","volume":"6","author":"Dhasmana","year":"2011"},{"key":"b42","series-title":"Pan Am J Ophthalmol","first-page":"34","article-title":"Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and macular edema in a patient with dengue fever associated with cerebral hemorrhage","volume":"3","author":"Joshi","year":"2021"},{"key":"b43","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"770","article-title":"Retinal hemorrhages in 4 patients with dengue fever","volume":"11","author":"Chlebicki","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/6\/article-p1172.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/6\/article-p1172.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/6\/article-p1172.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T13:03:02Z","timestamp":1717592582000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/6\/article-p1172.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0524","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]}}}