{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T08:05:48Z","timestamp":1747037148223},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Millions of doses of azithromycin are distributed each year for trachoma, yet the treatment efficacy of a single dose of azithromycin for ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection has not been well characterized. In this study, four villages in Niger received a mass azithromycin distribution for trachoma. All 426 children aged 0\u20135\u2009years residing in the study villages were offered conjunctival swabbing every 6 months to test for ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>. Among the children infected with ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> before treatment, 6% (95% CI: 2\u201315%) tested positive for ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection 6 months later, and 15% (95% CI: 7\u201328%) tested positive 12 months later. The most important predictor of post-treatment ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection was pretreatment ocular <jats:italic>Chlamydia<\/jats:italic> infection (relative risk: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.3\u20139.4). Although the 6-monthly monitoring schedule was suboptimal for testing the treatment efficacy of an antibiotic, these findings are nonetheless consistent with high treatment efficacy of a single dose of azithromycin and suggest that additional interventions might be most effective if targeted to those children infected prior to treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T15:04:47Z","timestamp":1714575887000},"page":"1010-1013","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy of Single-Dose Azithromycin for Ocular Chlamydial Infection: A Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Pondicherry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amza","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boubacar","family":"Kadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beido","family":"Nassirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programme National de Sant\u00e9 Oculaire, Niamey, Niger;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sun Y.","family":"Cotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole E.","family":"Varnado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheila K.","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dana Center for Preventive Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Lietman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy D.","family":"Keenan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, California;"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec","first-page":"297","article-title":"WHO Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma: Progress report on elimination of trachoma, 2022","volume":"28","year":"2023"},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Trachoma Control: A Guide for Programme Managers","author":"Solomon","year":"2006"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"630","article-title":"Azithromycin in control of trachoma","volume":"354","author":"Schachter","year":"1999"},{"key":"b4","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e306","article-title":"Chlamydia trachomatis ompA variants in trachoma: what do they tell us?","volume":"2","author":"Andreasen","year":"2008"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0009351","article-title":"Strengthening data collection for neglected tropical diseases: what data are needed for models to better inform tailored intervention programmes?","volume":"15","author":"Toor","year":"2021"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"743","article-title":"A cluster-randomized trial to assess the efficacy of targeting trachoma treatment to children","volume":"64","author":"Amza","year":"2017"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"193","article-title":"Azithromycin versus doxycycline for the treatment of genital Chlamydia infection: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"59","author":"Kong","year":"2014"},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"824","article-title":"Doxycycline versus azithromycin for the treatment of rectal Chlamydia in men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Dombrowski","year":"2021"},{"key":"b9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2418","article-title":"Azithromycin or doxycycline for asymptomatic rectal Chlamydia trachomatis.","volume":"384","author":"Lau","year":"2021"},{"key":"b10","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e2115","article-title":"Mass treatment with azithromycin for trachoma: when is one round enough? Results from the PRET trial in the Gambia","volume":"7","author":"Harding-Esch","year":"2013"},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"1296","article-title":"Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis after mass treatment of a trachoma hyperendemic community in Tanzania: a longitudinal study","volume":"366","author":"West","year":"2005"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"979","article-title":"Targeted antibiotics for trachoma: a cluster-randomized trial","volume":"73","author":"Melo","year":"2021"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e341","article-title":"The natural history of trachoma infection and disease in a Gambian cohort with frequent follow-up","volume":"2","author":"Grassly","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/5\/article-p1010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/5\/article-p1010.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/5\/article-p1010.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T15:04:48Z","timestamp":1714575888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ajtmh.org\/view\/journals\/tpmd\/110\/5\/article-p1010.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0540","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9637","1476-1645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9637","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-1645","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}