{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:37:06Z","timestamp":1725496626051},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","issue":"3_Suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725321600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT.<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After years of programmatic inaccessibility, in 2019\u20132020 the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health Trachoma Control Program conducted population-based trachoma surveys in three localities (districts) in North Darfur state, Sudan. These baseline surveys were to determine the prevalence of trachomatous inflammation\u2013follicular (TF) among children aged 1\u20139\u2009years and to further use serological markers to understand the historical trachoma burden within this mass drug administration (MDA)\u2013naive area. Trained and certified graders collected trachoma clinical data, and trained nurses collected dried blood spot (DBS) samples. The DBSs were assayed on a multiplex bead array for antibody responses to the <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> antigens Pgp3 and CT694. Across the three localities, 3,613 individuals aged 1\u20139\u2009years and 3,542 individuals aged \u226515\u2009years were examined for clinical signs, and 8,322 DBSs were collected. The prevalence of TF among children aged 1\u20139\u2009years was endemic (\u22655%) in two localities (El Seraif, 15.6%, and Saraf Omrah, 11.0%) and below the TF elimination threshold (&lt;5%) in the third (Kotom, 1.4%). The Pgp3 seroprevalence among children aged 1\u20139\u2009years was 34.1% in El Seraif, 35.0% in Saraf Omrah, and 11.0% in Kotom. Locality prevalence results were similar for Pgp3 and CT694. Seroprevalence increased with age in all three localities. Serological data collected within these surveys demonstrate that all three localities have had a long history of exposure to <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and that two of the three localities require MDA to reach elimination as a public health problem threshold.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.23-0608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T19:53:58Z","timestamp":1725479638000},"page":"49-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Serological Responses to Trachoma Antigens prior to the Start of Mass Drug Administration: Results from Population-Based Baseline Surveys, North Darfur, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.4269","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Angelia M.","family":"Sanders","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Balgesa E.","family":"Elshafie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sudan Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Khartoum, Sudan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica Brook","family":"Goodhew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew W.","family":"Nute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Khartoum, Sudan;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Kelly","family":"Callahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana L.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Nash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trachoma Control Program, The Carter Center, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"2795","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"WER","first-page":"353","article-title":"WHO alliance for the global elimination of trachoma: progress report on elimination of trachoma, 2021","volume":"31","year":"2022"},{"key":"b2","year":"2023"},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Int Ophthalmol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Trachoma","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"1990"},{"key":"b4","year":"2019"},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Population-based prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and antibodies in four districts with varying levels of trachoma endemicity in Amhara, Ethiopia","volume":"104","author":"Nash","year":"2021"},{"key":"b6","series-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis","first-page":"e0007749","article-title":"Pgp3 seroprevalence and associations with active trachoma and ocular Chlamydia trachomatis 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